We extend the Krori-Barua analysis of the static, spherically symmetric, Einstein-Maxwell field equations and consider charged fluid sources with anisotropic stresses. The inclusion of a new variable (tangential pressure) allows the use of a nonlinear, Chaplygin-type equation of state with coefficients fixed by the matching conditions at the boundary of the source. Some physical features are briefly discussed.

Binary systems of compact objects with electromagnetic field are modeled by helically symmetric Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes with charged and magnetized perfect fluids. Previously derived thermodynamic laws for helically symmetric perfect-fluid spacetimes are extended to include the electromagnetic fields, and electric currents and charges; the first law is written as a relation between the change in the asymptotic Noether charge $\delta Q$ and the changes in the area and electric charge of black holes, and in the vorticity, baryon rest mass, entropy, charge and magnetic flux of the magnetized fluid. Using the conservation laws of the circulation of magnetized flow found by Bekenstein and Oron for the ideal magnetohydrodynamic fluid, and also for the flow with zero conducting current, we show that, for nearby equilibria that conserve the quantities mentioned above, the relation $\delta Q=0$ is satisfied. We also discuss a formulation for computing numerical solutions of magnetized binary compact objects in equilibrium with emphasis on a first integral of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic-Euler equation.

In this work we investigate higher-order statistics for the $\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}$ and ReBEL scalar-interacting dark matter models by analyzing $180h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}$ dark matter $N$-body simulation ensembles. The $N$-point correlation functions and the related hierarchical amplitudes, such as skewness and kurtosis, are computed using the counts-in-cells method. Our studies demonstrate that the hierarchical amplitudes $S_n$ of the scalar-interacting dark matter model significantly deviate from the values in the $\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}$ cosmology on scales comparable and smaller than the screening length $r_s$ of a given scalar-interacting model. The corresponding additional forces that enhance the total attractive force exerted on dark matter particles at galaxy scales lower the values of the hierarchical amplitudes $S_n$. We conclude that hypothetical additional exotic interactions in the dark matter sector should leave detectable markers in the higher-order correlation statistics of the density field. We focused in detail on the redshift evolution of the dark matter field’s skewness and kurtosis. From this investigation we find that the deviations from the canonical $\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}$ model introduced by the presence of the “fifth” force attain a maximum value at redshifts $0.5<z<2$. We therefore conclude that moderate redshift data are better suited for setting observational constraints on the investigated ReBEL models.

The characterization of dark energy is a central task of cosmology. To go beyond a cosmological constant, we need to introduce at least an equation of state and a sound speed and consider observational tests that involve perturbations. If dark energy is not completely homogeneous on observable scales, then the Poisson equation is modified and dark matter clustering is directly affected. One can then search for observational effects of dark energy clustering using dark matter as a probe. In this paper we exploit an analytical approximate solution of the perturbation equations in a general dark energy cosmology to analyze the performance of next-decade large-scale surveys in constraining equation of state and sound speed. We find that tomographic weak lensing and galaxy redshift surveys can constrain the sound speed of the dark energy only if the latter is small, of the order of $c_s\lesssim 0.01$ (in units of $c$). For larger sound speeds the error grows to 100% and more. We conclude that large-scale structure observations contain very little information about the perturbations in canonical scalar field models with a sound speed of unity. Nevertheless, they are able to detect the presence of cold dark energy, i.e. a dark energy with nonrelativistic speed of sound.

The collapse of a massive star’s core, followed by a neutrino-driven, asymmetric supernova explosion, can naturally lead to pulsar recoils and neutron star kicks. Here, we present a two-dimensional, radiation-hydrodynamic simulation in which core collapse leads to significant acceleration of a fully formed, nascent neutron star via an induced, neutrino-driven explosion. During the explosion, an $\sim 10\%$ anisotropy in the low-mass, high-velocity ejecta leads to recoil of the high-mass neutron star. At the end of our simulation, the neutron star has achieved a velocity of $\sim 150\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ and is accelerating at $\sim 350\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-2}$, but has yet to reach the ballistic regime. The recoil is due almost entirely to hydrodynamical processes, with anisotropic neutrino emission contributing less than 2% to the overall kick magnitude. Since the observed distribution of neutron star kick velocities peaks at $\sim 300–400\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, recoil due to anisotropic core-collapse supernovae provides a natural, nonexotic mechanism with which to obtain neutron star kicks.

The ${}^{1}D_2$ charmonium assignment for the $X(3872)$ meson is considered, as prompted by a recent result from the BABAR Collaboration, favoring $2^{-+}$ quantum numbers for $X$. It is shown that established properties of $X(3872)$ are in a drastic conflict with the ${}^{1}D_2$ $c\overline{c}$ assignment.

The chameleon is a scalar field whose mass depends on the density of its environment. Chameleons are necessarily coupled to matter particles and will excite transitions between atomic energy levels in an analogous manner to photons. When created inside an optical cavity by passing a laser beam through a constant magnetic field, chameleons are trapped between the cavity walls and form a standing wave. This effect will lead to an afterglow phenomenon even when the laser beam and the magnetic field have been turned off, and could be used to probe the interactions of the chameleon field with matter.

We consider the relations between the gauge couplings at the electroweak scale and the high scale where unification of the three gauge couplings is expected. Threshold corrections are incorporated both at the supersymmetric and at the grand unified scale and, where available, three-loop running and two-loop decoupling are employed. We study the impact of the current experimental uncertainties of the coupling constants and the supersymmetric mass spectrum on the prediction of the superheavy masses within the so-called minimal supersymmetric SU(5). As a main result of the three-loop analysis we confirm that minimal supersymmetric SU(5) cannot be ruled out by the current experimental data on proton decay rates.

To clarify the conflict between the theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of the inclusive $J/\psi$ production in ${\rm Y}$ decay, we consider the ${\alpha }_s^6$ order color-singlet (CS) contributions of processes ${\rm Y}\to J/\psi +gg$ and ${\rm Y}\to J/\psi +gggg$. Both the branching ratio and the $J/\psi$ momentum spectrum are calculated, and the branching ratio ($4.7\times {10}^{-4}$) is larger than the leading-order contribution (${\alpha }_s^5$, ${\rm Y}\to J/\psi +c\overline{c}g$). Together with the QCD and QED leading-order contributions considered in our previous work, the CS prediction of the branching ratio for the direct $J/\psi$ production is $\mathrm{Br}({\rm Y}\to J/{\psi }_{\mathrm{direct}}+X)={0.90}_{-0.31}^{+0.49}\times {10}^{-4}$, which is still about 3.8 times less than the CLEO measurement. We also obtain a preliminary CS prediction of $R_{cc}=\frac{\mathcal{B}({\rm Y}\to J/\psi +c\overline{c}+X)}{\mathcal{B}({\rm Y}\to J/\psi +X)}$ and find that the value ${0.39}_{-0.20}^{+0.21}$ is much larger than the color-octet prediction, and suggest to measure this quality in future experimental analysis.

We discuss three possible ways of addressing quantum physics behind chiral magnetic effect and electric charge fluctuation patterns in heavy-ion collisions. The first one makes use of $P$-parity violation probed by local order parameters, the second considers the chiral magnetic effect in the quantum measurement theory framework, and the third way is to study a product of two $P$-odd contributions. In the latter approach, the relevant form factor is constructed and computed for a weak magnetic field in the confinement region and for free quarks in a strong field. It is shown that the effect is negligible in the former case. We also discuss the saturation effect—the charge fluctuation asymmetry for free fermions reaches a constant value at asymptotically large fields.

We measure the production cross sections for $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\rm Y}(1S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, ${\rm Y}(2S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, and ${\rm Y}(3S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ as a function of $\sqrt{s}$ between 10.83 GeV and 11.02 GeV. The data consist of $8.1{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider. We observe enhanced production in all three final states that does not agree well with the conventional ${\rm Y}(10860)$ line shape. A fit using a Breit-Wigner resonance shape yields a peak mass of $[10{888.4}_{-2.6}^{+2.7}(\mathrm{stat})\pm 1.2(\mathrm{syst})]\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$ and a width of $[{30.7}_{-7.0}^{+8.3}(\mathrm{stat})\pm 3.1(\mathrm{syst})]\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$.

A string-inspired three-form-dilaton-gravity model is studied in a Randall-Sundrum brane world scenario. As expected, the rank-3 antisymmetric field is exponentially suppressed. For each mass level, the mass spectrum is bigger than the one for the Kalb-Ramond field. The coupling between the dilaton and the massless Kaluza-Klein mode of the three-form is calculated, and the coupling constant of the cubic interactions is obtained numerically. This coupling are of the order of ${\mathrm{Tev}}^{-1}$; therefore, there exists a possibility to find some signal of it at Tev scale.

We study time evolution of the $Q$ ball in thermal logarithmic potential using lattice simulations. As the temperature decreases due to the cosmic expansion, the thermal logarithmic term in the potential is eventually overcome by a mass term, and we confirm that the $Q$ ball transforms from the thick-wall type to the thin-wall type for a positive coefficient of radiative corrections to the mass term, as recently suggested. Moreover, we find that the $Q$ ball finally “melts down” when the $Q$-ball solution disappears. We also discuss the effects of this phenomenon on the detectability of gravitational waves from the $Q$-ball formation.

Under the assignment of $D_s(3040)$ as a radially excited $p$-wave $\overline{c}s$ state with $J^P=1^{+}$, we compute the $B_s\to D_s(3040)$ form factors within the covariant light-front quark model. Two classification schemes for the $p$-wave $\overline{c}s$ meson are adopted. We also use our results to predict the branching ratios (BRs), polarization fractions, and angular asymmetries in semileptonic $B_s\to D_s(3040)\ell \overline{\nu }$ ($\ell =e$, $\mu$, $\tau$). The BRs are found at the order of ${10}^{-3}$ for $\ell =e$, $\mu$, and ${10}^{-5}$ for $\ell =\tau$. We find that the polarization fractions and angular asymmetries could be useful to pin down the ambiguities in theoretical prescriptions for $D_s(3040)$. In addition, we investigate the nonleptonic $B_s\to D_s(3040)M$ decays under the factorization method, where $M$ denotes a charged pseudoscalar or a vector meson. The BRs of $B_s\to D_s(3040)\rho$ and $B_s\to D_s(3040)D_s^{*}$ reach the order of ${10}^{-3}$, while the other channels are typically smaller by 1–2 orders.

We construct a spectral representation for the baron to meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs), i.e. matrix elements involving three quark correlators which arise in the description of baryon to meson transitions within the factorization approach to hard exclusive reactions. We generalize for these quantities the notion of double distributions introduced in the context of generalized parton distributions. We propose the generalization of Radyushkin’s factorized ansatz for the case of baryon to meson TDAs. Our construction opens the way to modeling of baryon to meson TDAs in their complete domain of definition and quantitative estimates of cross sections for various hard exclusive reactions.

We study the decays of heavy chiral $(t^{\prime },b^{\prime })$ quarks in a four-generation extension of the standard model. If the difference between the $t^{\prime }$ and $b^{\prime }$ masses is smaller than the $W^{\pm }$ mass, as favored by precision electroweak measurements, then the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa favored, on-shell decay $t^{\prime }\to b^{\prime }{W}^{+}$ is forbidden. As a result, other $t^{\prime }$ decays have substantial branching fractions, which are highly sensitive to the magnitude of the diagonal CKM matrix element $V_{t^{\prime }{b}^{\prime }}$. We show that $|V_{t^{\prime }{b}^{\prime }}|$ can be determined from the ratio of the two-body and three-body $t^{\prime }$-decay branching fractions and estimate the precision of such a measurement at the LHC. We discuss the hadronization of a $t^{\prime }$ for large enough values of $|V_{t^{\prime }{b}^{\prime }}|$.

We present the first complete calculation of the one-loop electroweak effect in the process of semi-inclusive bottom-Higgs production at LHC in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. The size of the electroweak contribution depends on the choice of the final produced neutral Higgs boson and can be relevant, in some range of the input parameters. A comparison of the one-loop results obtained in two different renormalization schemes is also performed, showing a very good next-to-leading order scheme independence. We further comment on two possible, simpler, approximations of the full next-to-leading order result, and on their reliability.

We explore the prospects of low-scale leptogenesis in a class of supersymmetric $SO(10)$ models using extra singlet neutrinos ($T_i$, $i=1$, 2, 3) and the Higgs representations ${\mathbf{126}}_{\mathbf{H}}\oplus$ ${\overline{\mathbf{126}}}_{\mathbf{H}}$ as well as ${\mathbf{16}}_{\mathbf{H}}\oplus {\overline{\mathbf{16}}}_{\mathbf{H}}$. A singlet neutrino, which we show can be as light as ${10}^5–{10}^6\mathrm{GeV}$, decays through its small mixings with right-handed (RH) neutrinos creating a lepton asymmetry which is explicitly shown to be flavor dependent. While the doublet vacuum expectation value in ${\overline{\mathbf{16}}}_{\mathbf{H}}$ triggers the generation of desired mixings, it also induces a large RH-triplet vacuum expectation value that breaks the left-right intermediate gauge symmetry and gives large right-handed neutrino masses. Manifest unification of gauge couplings and generation of heavy RH neutrino masses are achieved by purely renormalizable interactions. The canonical (Type-I) seesaw contributions to the light neutrino mass matrix cancel out while the Type-II seesaw contribution is negligible. Determining the parameters of the dominant inverse seesaw formula by using the underlying quark-lepton symmetry and neutrino oscillation data, we show how leptogenesis under the gravitino constraint is successfully implemented. New formulas for the decay rate and the asymmetry parameter are derived leading to baryon asymmetry within the observed range without invoking a resonant condition on RH neutrinos. The model is found to work for hierarchical as well as inverted hierarchical light neutrino masses. Testable predictions of the model are RH doubly charged Higgs bosons which may be leptophilic and accessible to the Tevatron, LHC or a linear collider. In a model-independent manner, the Drell-Yan pair production cross section at the Tevatron or LHC is shown to be bounded between 59%–79% of their left-handed counterparts with same mass. In contrast to single-step breaking supersymmetric grand unified theories, which predict a long proton lifetime for the decay $p\to e^{+}{\pi }^0$, here this lifetime is substantially reduced, bringing it within one order of the current experimental limit.

In this work we consider a flat cosmological model with a set of fluids in the framework of supersymmetric cosmology. The obtained supersymmetric algebra allowed us to take quantum solutions. It is shown that only in the case of a cosmological constant do we have a condition between the density of dark energy ${\rho }_{\Lambda }$ and density energy of matter ${\rho }_M$, ${\rho }_{\Lambda }>2{\rho }_M$.

We present a superspace formulation of the $D=3$, $\mathcal{N}=4$, 5 superconformal Chern-Simons Matter theories, with matter supermultiplets valued in a symplectic 3-algebra. We first construct an $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal action and then generalize a method used by Gaitto and Witten to enhance the supersymmetry from $\mathcal{N}=1$ to $\mathcal{N}=5$. By decomposing the $\mathcal{N}=5$ supermultiplets and the symplectic 3-algebra properly and proposing a new superpotential term, we construct the $\mathcal{N}=4$ superconformal Chern-Simons matter theories in terms of two sets of generators of a (quaternion) symplectic 3-algebra. The $\mathcal{N}=4$ theories can also be derived by requiring that the supersymmetry transformations are closed on-shell. The relationship between the 3-algebras, Lie superalgebras, Lie algebras, and embedding tensors (proposed in [E. A. Bergshoeff, O. Hohm, D. Roest, H. Samtleben, and E. Sezgin, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2008) 101.]) is also clarified. The general $\mathcal{N}=4$, 5 superconformal Chern-Simons matter theories in terms of ordinary Lie algebras can be re-derived in our 3-algebra approach. All known $\mathcal{N}=4$, 5 superconformal Chern-Simons matter theories can be recovered in the present superspace formulation for super-Lie algebra realization of symplectic 3-algebras.