A search for high-energy neutrinos was performed using data collected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory from May 2009 to May 2010, when the array was running in its 59-string configuration. The data sample was optimized to contain muon neutrino induced events with a background contamination of atmospheric muons of less than 1%. These data, which are dominated by atmospheric neutrinos, are analyzed with a global likelihood fit to search for possible contributions of prompt atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos, neither of which have yet been identified. Such signals are expected to follow a harder energy spectrum than conventional atmospheric neutrinos. In addition, the zenith angle distribution differs for astrophysical and atmospheric signals. A global fit of the reconstructed energies and directions of observed events is performed, including possible neutrino flux contributions for an astrophysical signal and atmospheric backgrounds as well as systematic uncertainties of the experiment and theoretical predictions. The best fit yields an astrophysical signal flux for ${\nu }_{\mu }+{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$ of $E^2·\mathrm{\Phi }(E)=0.25\times {10}^{-8}\mathrm{GeV}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}{\mathrm{sr}}^{-1}$, and a zero prompt component. Although the sensitivity of this analysis for astrophysical neutrinos surpasses the Waxman and Bahcall upper bound, the experimental limit at 90% confidence level is a factor of 1.5 above at a flux of $E^2·\mathrm{\Phi }(E)=1.44\times {10}^{-8}\mathrm{GeV}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}{\mathrm{sr}}^{-1}$.

We report on the first self-consistent solution of the Dyson–Schwinger equation (DSE) for the three-gluon vertex. Based on earlier results for the propagators which match data from lattice Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain results for the three-gluon vertex that are in very good agreement with available lattice data likewise. Feeding these results back into the propagator DSEs leads to some changes especially in the gluon propagator. These changes allow us to assess previously used models for the three-gluon vertex and to systematically estimate the influence of neglected two-loop diagrams with four-gluon interactions. In the final step, a full iterative solution to the coupled DSEs of pure Landau gauge QCD without quarks is then obtained for the first time in an extended truncation which now dynamically includes the complete set of three-point vertex functions.

In this paper we consider the problem of the screening of the external charge in graphene from the cyclic renormalization group flow viewpoint. The analogy with the conformal Calogero model is used to suggest the interpretation of the tower of resonant states as a tower of Efimov states.

In a recent paper, we discussed the constraints on the renormalizable coloron model derived from the requirements of vacuum stability, tree-level unitarity, electroweak precision measurements, and from LHC measurements of the properties of the observed Higgs-like scalar boson. In this Erratum we correct an error in our expression for the gluon-fusion contribution to Higgs boson production arising from the extra colored scalars and vectors present in the model. The corrections enhance the size of these contributions, and result in stronger constraints on the model parameters.

The precise knowledge of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson and top-quark masses and couplings are crucial to understand the physics beyond it. An SM-like Higgs boson having a mass in the range of 123–127 GeV squeezes the parameters for physics beyond the Standard Model. In recent the LHC era many TeV-scale neutrino mass models have earned much attention as they pose many interesting phenomenological aspects. We have contemplated $B-L$ extended models which are theoretically well motivated and phenomenologically interesting, and they successfully explain neutrino mass generation. In this article we analyze the detailed structures of the scalar potentials for such models. We compute the criteria which guarantee that the vacuum is bounded from below in all directions. In addition, perturbativity (triviality) bounds are also necessitated. Incorporating all such effects, we constrain the parameters of such models by performing their renormalization-group evolutions.

The location of the critical end point (CEP) in the QCD phase diagram is determined under different scenarios. The effect of strangeness, isospin/charge asymmetry and an external magnetic field is investigated. The discussion is performed within the $2+1$ flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with Polyakov loop. It is shown that isospin asymmetry shifts the CEP to larger baryonic chemical potentials and smaller temperatures. At large asymmetries the CEP disappears. However, a strong enough magnetic field drives the system into a first order phase transition.

We examine the possibility that dark matter may be the manifestation of dark forces of a hidden sector, i.e. “$\text{dark}\text{force}=\text{dark}\text{matter}$.” As an illustrative and minimal example we consider the hidden $\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_h\times \mathrm{U}{(1)}_h$ gauge group. The hidden dynamics is indirectly coupled to the Standard Model (SM) through kinetic mixing of $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_h$ with the $\mathrm{U}{(1)}_Y$ of hypercharge. We assume a hidden symmetry-breaking pattern analogous to that of the SM electroweak symmetry, augmented with an extra scalar that allows both the “hidden $Z$ boson” $Z_h$ and the “hidden photon” ${\gamma }_h$ to be massive. The “hidden $W$” bosons $W_h^{\pm }$ are dark matter in this scenario. This generic setup can readily accommodate potential direct detection signals for light dark matter. For some choices of parameters, the model can lead to signals both in “dark matter beam” experiments, from $Z_h\to W_h{W}_h$, as well as in experiments that look for visible signals of dark photons, mediated by ${\gamma }_h$. Other possible phenomenological consequences are also briefly discussed.

The weak dipole moments of elementary fermions are calculated at the one-loop level in the framework of a renormalizable scalar leptoquark model that forbids baryon number violating processes and so is free from the strong constraints arising from experimental data. In this model there are two scalar leptoquarks accommodated in a $S{U}_L(2)\times U_Y(1)$ doublet: One of these leptoquarks is nonchiral and has electric charge of $5/3e$, whereas the other one is chiral and has electric charge $2/3e$. In particular, a nonchiral leptoquark contributes to the weak properties of an up fermion via a chirality-flipping term proportional to the mass of the virtual fermion, and can also induce a nonzero weak electric dipole moment provided that the leptoquark couplings are complex. The numerical analysis is focused on the weak properties of the $\tau$ lepton since they offer good prospects for experimental study. The constraints on leptoquark couplings are briefly discussed for a nonchiral leptoquark with nondiagonal couplings to the second and third fermion generations, a third-generation nonchiral leptoquark, and a third-generation chiral leptoquark. It is found that although the chirality-flipping term can enhance the weak properties of the $\tau$ lepton via the top quark contribution, such an enhancement would be offset by the strong constraints on the leptoquark couplings. So, the contribution of scalar leptoquarks to the weak magnetic dipole moment of the $\tau$ lepton are smaller than the standard model (SM) contributions but can be of similar size to those arising in some SM extensions. A nonchiral leptoquark can also give contributions to the weak electric dipole moment larger than the SM one but well below the experimental limit. We also discuss the case of the off-shell weak dipole moments and, for completeness, analyze the behavior of the $\tau$ electromagnetic properties.

We study the signals for a “fermiophobic” charged Higgs boson present in an extension of the standard model with an additional Higgs doublet and right-handed neutrinos, responsible for generating Dirac-type neutrino masses. We study the pair production of the charged Higgs at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which can be relatively light and still allowed by experimental data. The charged Higgs decays dominantly into a $W$ boson and a very light neutral scalar present in the model, which decays invisibly and passes undetected. We find that the signal for such a charged Higgs is overwhelmed by the standard model background and will prove elusive at the 8 TeV run of the LHC. We present a cut-flow based analysis to pinpoint a search strategy at the 14 TeV run of the LHC which can achieve a signal significance of $5\sigma$ for a given mass range of the charged Higgs.

The multicomponent decaying dark matter (DM) scenario is investigated to explain the possible excesses in the positron fraction by PAMELA and recently confirmed by AMS-02, and in the total $e^{+}+e^{-}$ flux observed by Fermi-LAT. By performing the ${\chi }^2$ fits, we find that two DM components are already enough to give a reasonable fit of both AMS-02 and Fermi-LAT data. The best-fitted results show that the heavier DM component with its mass of 1.5 TeV dominantly decays through the $\mu$ channel, while the lighter one of 100 GeV decays mainly through the $\tau$ channel. As a by-product, the fine structure around 100 GeV observed by AMS-02 and Fermi-LAT can be naturally explained by the dropping due to the lighter DM component. With the obtained model parameters by the fitting, we calculate the diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission spectrum in this two-component DM scenario, and find that it is consistent with the data measured by Fermi-LAT. We also construct a microscopic particle DM model to naturally realize the two-component DM scenario, and point out an interesting neutrino signal which will possibly be measured in the near future by IceCube.

We report on a study of the finite-temperature QCD transition region for temperatures between 139 and 196 MeV, with a pion mass of 200 MeV and two space-time volumes: $24^3\times 8$ and $32^3\times 8$, where the larger volume varies in linear size between 5.6 fm (at $T=139\mathrm{MeV}$) and 4.0 fm (at $T=195\mathrm{MeV}$). These results are compared with the results of an earlier calculation using the same action and quark masses but a smaller, $16^3\times 8$ volume. The chiral domain wall fermion formulation with a combined Iwasaki and dislocation suppressing determinant ratio gauge action are used. This lattice action accurately reproduces the $SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R$ and $U(1{)}_A$ symmetries of the continuum. Results are reported for the chiral condensates, connected and disconnected susceptibilities and the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum. We find a pseudocritical temperature, $T_c$, of approximately 165 MeV consistent with previous results and strong finite-volume dependence below $T_c$. Clear evidence is seen for $U(1{)}_A$ symmetry breaking above $T_c$ which is quantitatively explained by the measured density of near-zero modes in accordance with the dilute instanton gas approximation.

There has been much progress in the experimental measurement of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon. Similarly, lattice QCD simulations have recently produced dynamical QCD results for the magnetic polarizability of the neutron approaching the chiral regime. In order to compare the lattice simulations with experiment, calculation of partial quenching and finite-volume effects is required prior to an extrapolation in quark mass to the physical point. These dependencies are described using chiral effective field theory. Corrections to the partial quenching effects associated with the sea-quark-loop electric charges are estimated by modeling corrections to the pion cloud. These are compared to the uncorrected lattice results. In addition, the behavior of the finite-volume corrections as a function of pion mass is explored. Box sizes of approximately 7 fm are required to achieve a result within 5% of the infinite-volume result at the physical pion mass. A variety of extrapolations are shown at different box sizes, providing a benchmark to guide future lattice QCD calculations of the magnetic polarizabilities. A relatively precise value for the physical magnetic polarizability of the neutron is presented, ${\beta }^n=1.93(11{)}^{\text{stat}}(11{)}^{\mathrm{sys}}\times {10}^{-4}{\mathrm{fm}}^3$, which is in agreement with current experimental results.

We present a global fit of parton distributions at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. The fit is based on the world data for deep-inelastic scattering, fixed-target data for the Drell-Yan process and includes, for the first time, data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the Drell-Yan process and the hadroproduction of top-quark pairs. The analysis applies the fixed-flavor number scheme for $n_f=3$, 4, 5, uses the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme for the strong coupling ${\alpha }_s$ and the heavy-quark masses and keeps full account of the correlations among all nonperturbative parameters. At NNLO this returns the values of ${\alpha }_s(M_Z)=0.1132\pm 0.0011$ and $m_t(\text{pole})=171.2\pm 2.4\mathrm{GeV}$ for the top-quark pole mass. The fit results are used to compute benchmark cross sections for the Higgs production at the LHC to NNLO accuracy. We compare our results to those obtained by other groups and show that differences can be linked to different theoretical descriptions of the underlying physical processes.

Radiative emission of neutrino pair from atomic states is a new tool to experimentally investigate undetermined neutrino parameters such as the smallest neutrino mass, the nature of neutrino masses (Majorana vs Dirac), and their $CP$ properties. We study effects of neutrino pair emission either from inner core electrons or from the nucleus in which the zeroth component of quark or electron vector current gives rise to large coupling. Both the overall rate and the spectral shape of photon energy are given for a few cases of interesting target atoms. Calculated rates exceed those of previously considered target atoms by many orders of magnitude.

We study the LHC associated production of a Higgs boson and a $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ vector-boson pair at 14 TeV, in the standard model and beyond. We consider different signatures corresponding to the cleanest $H$ and $W$ decay channels and discuss the potential of the high-luminosity phase of the LHC. In particular, we investigate the sensitivity of the $H{W}^{+}{W}^{-}$ production to possible anomalous Higgs couplings to vector bosons and fermions. Since the $b$-quark initiated partonic channel contributes significantly to this process, we find a moderate sensitivity to both the size and sign of an anomalous top-quark Yukawa coupling, because perturbative unitarity in the standard model implies a destructive interference in the $b\overline{b}$ subprocess. We show that a combination of various signatures can reach $\sim 9$ standard-deviation sensitivity in the presently allowed negative region of the top-Higgs coupling, if not previously excluded.

We derive a recursive formula for the ${\alpha }^{\prime }$ expansion of superstring tree amplitudes involving any number $N$ of massless open string states. String corrections to Yang-Mills field theory are shown to enter through the Drinfeld associator, a generating series for multiple zeta values. Our results apply to any number of spacetime dimensions or supersymmetries and chosen helicity configurations.

We explore non-Abelian strings in the $r=N-1$ vacuum of $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric QCD with the gauge group $\mathrm{U}(N)$ and $N_f$ flavors of quarks ($N_f\ge N$), where $r$ is the number of condensed quarks. $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry is broken down to $\mathcal{N}=1$ by a small mass term for the adjoint matter. We discover that the low-energy two-dimensional theory on the string world sheet receives nonperturbative corrections from the bulk, through the bulk gaugino condensate. This is in contradistinction to the $r=N$ vacuum situation, in which nonperturbative effects on the world sheet are determined by internal dynamics of the world sheet theory. The two-dimensional–four-dimensional correspondence (the coincidence of spectra of two-dimensional kinks and four-dimensional monopoles) remains valid in the Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield sector. Nonperturbative bulk effects deforming the weighted $CP$ model on the world sheet are found by virtue of the method of resolvents suggested by Gaiotto, Gukov, and Seiberg for surface defects. In the $r=N$ vacuum, the gaugino condensate in the bulk vanishes, and there are no “outside” nonperturbative corrections on the world sheet.

We present explicit hyper-Kähler metrics induced from well-separated $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ monopole walls which are equivalent to monopoles on $T^2\times \mathbb{R}$. The metrics are explicitly obtained due to Manton’s observation by using monopole solutions. These are doubly periodic and have the modular invariance with respect to the complex structure of the complex torus $T^2$. We also derive metrics from monopole walls with Dirac-type singularities.

We study the quasinormal modes of a massless scalar field in a general subextreme Kerr background by exploiting the hidden $SL(2,\mathbb{R})\times SL(2,\mathbb{R})\times SO(3)$ symmetry of the subtracted geometry approximation. This faithfully models the near horizon geometry but locates the black hole in a confining asymptotically conical box analogous to the anti–de Sitter backgrounds used in string theory. There are just two series of modes, given in terms of hypergeometric functions and spherical harmonics, reminiscent of the left-moving and right-moving degrees in string theory: one is overdamped, and the other is underdamped and exhibits rotational splitting. The remarkably simple exact formulas for the complex frequencies would in principle allow the determination of the mass and angular momentum from observations of a black hole. No black hole bomb is possible because the Killing field which corotates with the horizon is everywhere timelike outside the black hole.

We propose a procedure to be used in the search for gravitational waves from black-hole–neutron-star coalescing binaries, in coincidence with short gamma-ray bursts. It is based on two recently proposed semianalytic fits, one reproducing the mass of the remnant disk surrounding the black hole which forms after the merging as a function of some binary parameters, the second relating the neutron star compactness, i.e., the ratio of mass and radius, with its tidal deformability. Using a Fisher matrix analysis and the two fits, we assign a probability that the emitted gravitational signal is associated to the formation of an accreting disk massive enough to supply the energy needed to power a short gamma-ray burst. This information can be used in low-latency data analysis to restrict the parameter space searching for gravitational wave signals in coincidence with short gamma-ray bursts and to gain information on the dynamics of the coalescing system and on the internal structure of the components. In addition, when the binary parameters are measured with high accuracy, it will be possible to use this information to trigger the search for off-axis gamma-ray burst afterglows.