During the accretion phase of a core-collapse supernova (SN), the deleptonization flux has recently been found to develop a global dipole pattern [lepton emission self-sustained asymmetry (LESA)]. The ${\nu }_e$ number flux $F_{{\nu }_e}$ is much larger than $F_{{\overline{\nu }}_e}$ in one direction, whereas they are approximately equal, or even $F_{{\nu }_e}\lesssim F_{{\overline{\nu }}_e}$, in the opposite direction. We use a linearized stability analysis in a simplified SN model to study the impact of the ${\nu }_e–{\overline{\nu }}_e$ flux asymmetry on self-induced neutrino flavor conversion. While a small lepton-number flux facilitates self-induced flavor conversion, “multiangle matter suppression” is more effective. Overall, we find that for large matter densities which are relevant below the shock wave, self-induced flavor conversion remains suppressed in the LESA context and, thus, irrelevant for neutrino-driven explosion dynamics.

We analyze the length, mass and spatial distribution of a discretized transverse string in $D_{\perp }$ dimensions with fixed end points near its Hagedorn temperature. We suggest that such a string may dominate the (holographic) Pomeron kinematics for dipole-dipole scattering at intermediate and small impact parameters. Attractive self-string interactions cause the transverse string size to contract away from its diffusive size, a mechanism reminiscent of the string-black hole transmutation. The string shows sizable asymmetries in the transverse plane that translate to primordial azimuthal asymmetries in the stringy particle production in the Pomeron kinematics for current pp and pA collisions at collider energies.

We investigate the Wightman function, the bulk-to-boundary propagator, the mean field squared, and the vacuum expectation values of energy-momentum tensor for a scalar field in anti–de Sitter (AdS) spacetime, in the presence of a brane perpendicular to the AdS boundary. On the brane the field operator obeys the Robin boundary condition. The vacuum expectation values are decomposed into the boundary-free AdS and brane-induced contributions. In this way, for points away from the brane, the renormalization is reduced to the one in pure AdS spacetime. It is shown that at proper distances from the brane larger than the AdS curvature radius the brane-induced expectation values decay as power law for both massless and massive scalars. This behavior is in contrast to that for a plane boundary in Minkowski spacetime, with an exponential decay for massive fields. For Robin boundary conditions different from Dirichlet and Neumann ones, the brane-induced part in the energy density is positive near the brane and negative at large distances. For the Dirichlet/Neumann boundary condition the corresponding energy density is negative/positive everywhere. We show that, for a fixed value of the proper distance from the brane, near the AdS boundary, the Neumann boundary condition is an “attractor” in the general class of Robin boundary conditions, whereas the Dirichlet boundary condition is an attractor near the horizon.

The present paper aims at elaborating a completely physical representation for the general 4-parameter family of the extended double-Kerr spacetimes describing two spinning sources in gravitational equilibrium. This involved problem is solved in a concise analytical form by using the individual Komar masses and angular momenta as arbitrary parameters, and the simplest equatorially symmetric specialization of the general expressions obtained by us yields the physical representation for the well-known Dietz-Hoenselaers superextreme case of two balancing identical Kerr constituents. The existence of the physically meaningful “black-hole–superextreme-object” equilibrium configurations permitted by the general solution may be considered as a clear indication that the spin-spin repulsion force might actually be by far stronger than expected earlier, when only the balance between two superextreme Kerr sources was thought possible. We also present the explicit analytical formulas relating the equilibrium states in the double-Kerr and double-Reissner-Nordström configurations.

The features of equatorial motion of an extended body in Kerr spacetime are investigated in the framework of the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon model. The body is assumed to stay at quasiequilibrium and respond instantly to external perturbations. Besides the mass, it is completely determined by its spin, the multipolar expansion being truncated at the quadrupole order, with a spin-induced quadrupole tensor. The study of the radial effective potential allows us to analytically determine the innermost stable circular orbit shift due to spin and the associated frequency of the last circular orbit.

Ghost-free massive gravity models generically have a strong coupling scale of ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_3=(M_{\text{Pl}}{m}^2{)}^{1/3}$. However, for one of these models—minimal massive gravity—it is not clear what this scale is in the subset of solutions with vanishing vector modes, since there are then no interactions at the scale ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_3$. We show that there are always scalar-tensor interactions at a scale arbitrarily close to ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_3$ around the Minkowski vacuum solution. This explicitly confirms and completes previous research establishing that ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_3$ effectively is the maximal strong coupling scale for all ghost-free (de Rham, Gabadadze, Tolley) massive gravity models (on Minkowski). In the process, we also revisit and clarify the construction of generic Lorentz-invariant massive gravity models, explicitly constructing an improved nonredundant expansion for these models.

This paper treats nonrelativistic matter and a scalar field $\varphi$ with a monotonically decreasing potential minimally coupled to gravity in flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker cosmology. The field equations are reformulated as a three-dimensional dynamical system on an extended compact state space, complemented with cosmographic diagrams. A dynamical systems analysis provides global dynamical results describing possible asymptotic behavior. It is shown that one should impose global and asymptotic bounds on $\lambda =-V^{-1}dV/d\varphi$ to obtain viable cosmological models that continuously deform $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}$ cosmology. In particular we introduce a regularized inverse power-law potential as a simple specific example.

We consider a quintessence model for dark energy interacting with dark matter via a Yukawa interaction. To put constraints on this model we use the cosmic microwave background measurements from the Planck satellite together with baryon acoustic oscillation, type Ia supernovae and $H_0$ data. We conclude that this is a viable model and an appropriate scalar potential can favor the interacting scenario.

We investigate the production of magnetic flux from rotating black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and compare it with the upper limit of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) luminosities, calculated from observed integral flux of GeV-TeV gamma rays for nine UHECR AGN sources. We find that, for the expected range of black hole rotations ($0.44<a<0.80$), the corresponding bounds of theoretical magnetic luminosities from AGNs coincides with the calculated UHECR luminosity. We argue that such result possibly can contribute to constrain AGN magnetic and dynamic properties as phenomenological tools to explain the requisite conditions to proper accelerate the highest energy cosmic rays.

In this work we have reexplored our earlier study on the vector meson spectral function and its spectral property in the form of dilepton rate in a two-flavor Polyakov loop extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model in the presence of a strong entanglement between the chiral and Polyakov loop dynamics. The entanglement considered here is generated through the four-quark scalar-type interaction in which the coupling strength depends on the Polyakov loop and runs with temperature and chemical potential. The entanglement effect is also considered for the four-quark vector-type interaction in the same manner. We observe that the entanglement effect relatively enhances the color degrees of freedom due to the running of both the scalar and vector couplings. This modifies the vector meson spectral function and, thus, the spectral property such as the dilepton production rate in the low invariant mass also gets modified.

The pressure of an ideal relativistic Fermi gas is computed as an infinite series for high temperatures at nonzero chemical potentials. The expansion of the particle number density, scalar density, and entropy density as first derivatives of the pressure is also found.

In this paper we propose a radiated linear seesaw model where the naturally small term ${\mu }_L$ is generated at the one-loop level and its soft breaking of lepton number symmetry contributes to the spontaneous breaking (SSB) of $B-L$ gauge symmetry. The value of $B-L$ charges for new particles are assigned to satisfy the cancellation of anomalies. It is found that some new particles may have exotic values of $B-L$ charge such that there exists residual $Z_2\times Z_2^{\prime }$ symmetry even after SSB of $B-L$ gauge symmetry. The $Z_2\times Z_2^{\prime }$ discrete symmetry stabilizes these particles as dark matter candidates. In the model, two classes of inert fermions and scalars with different $B-L$ charges are introduced, leading to two-component dark matter candidates. The lepton-flavor-violation processes, the relic density of dark matter, the direct detection of dark matter and the phenomenology at the LHC are investigated.

We present spin-independent and spin-spin interquark potentials for the charmonium and charmed-strange mesons, which are calculated in $2+1$ flavor lattice QCD simulations using the PACS-CS gauge configurations generated at the lightest pion mass ($M_{\pi }\approx 156(7)\mathrm{MeV}$) with a lattice cutoff of $a^{-1}\approx 2.2\mathrm{GeV}$ and a spatial volume of $(3\mathrm{fm}{)}^3$. For the charm quark, we use a relativistic heavy quark (RHQ) action with fine tuned RHQ parameters, which closely reproduce both the experimental spin-averaged mass and hyperfine splitting of the $1S$ charmonium. The interquark potential and the quark kinetic mass, both of which are key ingredients within the potential description of heavy-heavy and heavy-light mesons, are determined from the equal-time Bethe-Salpeter (BS) amplitude. The charmonium potentials are obtained from the BS wave function of $1S$ charmonia (${\eta }_c$ and $J/\psi$ mesons), while the charmed-strange potential are calculated from the $D_s$ and $D_s^{*}$ heavy-light mesons. We then use resulting potentials and quark masses as purely theoretical inputs so as to solve the nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation for calculating accessible energy levels of charmonium and charmed-strange mesons without unknown parameters. The resultant spectra below the $D\overline{D}$ and $DK$ thresholds excellently agree with well-established experimental data.

We determine elastic and coupled-channel amplitudes for isospin-1 meson-meson scattering in $P$ wave, by calculating correlation functions using lattice QCD with light quark masses such that $m_{\pi }=236\mathrm{MeV}$ in a cubic volume of $\sim (4\mathrm{fm}{)}^3$. Variational analyses of large matrices of correlation functions computed using operator constructions resembling $\pi \pi$, $K\overline{K}$ and $q\overline{q}$, in several moving frames and several lattice irreducible representations, lead to discrete energy spectra from which scattering amplitudes are extracted. In the elastic $\pi \pi$ scattering region we obtain a detailed energy dependence for the phase shift, corresponding to a $\rho$ resonance, and we extend the analysis into the coupled-channel $K\overline{K}$ region for the first time, finding a small coupling between the channels.

We perform a theoretical analysis of the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b\to J/\psi K^{-}p$ reaction from where a recent LHCb experiment extracts a $\mathrm{\Lambda }(1405)$ contribution in the $K^{-}p$ spectrum close to threshold and two baryon states of hidden charm in the $J/\psi p$ spectrum. We recall that baryon states of this type have been theoretically predicted matching the mass, width and $J^P$ of the experiment; concretely some states built up from the $J/\psi N$, ${\overline{D}}^{*}{\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c$, ${\overline{D}}^{*}{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c$, $\overline{D}{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{*}$ and ${\overline{D}}^{*}{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{*}$ coupled channels. We assume that the observed narrow state around 4450 MeV has this nature and we are able to describe simultaneously the shapes and relative strength of the the $K^{-}p$ mass distribution close to threshold and the peak of the $J/\psi p$ distribution, with values of the $J/\psi p$ coupling to the resonance in line with the theoretical ones. The nontrivial matching of many properties gives support to a $J^P=3/2^{-}$ assignment to this state and to its nature as a molecular state mostly made of ${\overline{D}}^{*}{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c$ and ${\overline{D}}^{*}{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{*}$.

We perform a detailed study of the exclusive $Z+1$-jet cross section at the 13 TeV LHC, motivated by the importance of similar exclusive cross sections in understanding the production of the Higgs boson in the $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ final state. We point out a feature of the ATLAS analysis that has significant impact on the theoretical predictions: the jet isolation criterion implemented by ATLAS effectively allows dijet events where an energetic jet is collinear to a final-state lepton. This process contains a giant $K$ factor arising from the collinear emission of a $Z$ boson from the dijet configuration. This overwhelms the effect of the jet-veto logarithms, making it difficult to test their resummation in this process. We provide numerical results that demonstrate the interplay between the jet-veto logarithms and the giant $K$ factor in the theoretical prediction. We study several observables, including the transverse momentum distributions of the leading jet and the $Z$ boson, in the exclusive $Z+1$-jet process, and discuss their sensitivity to both the giant $K$ factor and the jet-veto logarithms. We suggest a modified isolation criterion that removes the giant $K$ factor and allows for a direct test of the jet-veto resummation framework in the exclusive $Z+1$-jet process.

One of the most challenging tasks for future high-luminosity electron-positron colliders is to extract Higgs triple coupling. It was proposed that this can be carried out via precisely measuring the cross section of $ZH$ associated production up to 0.4%. In this paper, we examine the possible heavy pollution from Higgs-top anomalous coupling. Our numerical results show that the pollution is small for ${\sqrt{s}}_{e^{+}{e}^{-}}=240\mathrm{GeV}$. However, for the higher-energy collider, the pollution is sizable, which should be taken into account. We further explore the possibility of measuring $CP$-violated Higgs-top coupling via the forward-backward asymmetry $A_{\mathrm{FB}}$ for the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to ZH$. The asymmetry can reach 0.7% which is comparable to the precision of cross-section measurement.

Physics beyond the Standard Model predicts the possible existence of new particles that can be searched at the low-energy frontier in the sub-eV range. The OSQAR photon regeneration experiment looks for “light shining through a wall” from the quantum oscillation of optical photons into “weakly interacting sub-eV particles,” such as axion or axionlike particles (ALPs) in a 9 T transverse magnetic field over a length of $2\times 14.3\mathrm{m}$. In 2014, this experiment was run with an outstanding sensitivity, using an 18.5 W continuous wave laser emitting in the green at the single wavelength of 532 nm. No regenerated photons have been detected after the wall, pushing the limits for the existence of axions and ALPs down to an unprecedented level for such type of laboratory experiment. The diphoton couplings of possible pseudoscalar and scalar ALPs can be constrained in the nearly massless limit to be less than $3.5\times {10}^{-8}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$ and $3.2\times {10}^{-8}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$, respectively, at 95% confidence level.

We derive the relativistic thermodynamic scale equation using imaginary-time path integrals, with complex scalar field theory taken as a concrete example. We use Fujikawa’s method to derive the scaling anomaly for this system using a matrix regulator. We make a general scaling argument to show how for anomalous systems, the $\beta$ function of the vacuum theory can be derived from measurement of macroscopic thermodynamic parameters.

We find a new type of topological vortex solution in the ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{\mathcal{Z}}\times {\mathrm{U}(1)}_{\mathcal{A}}$ Chern-Simons gauge theory in the presence of a ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{\mathcal{A}}$ magnetic field background. In this theory ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{\mathcal{Z}}$ is broken spontaneously by the ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{\mathcal{A}}$ magnetic field. These vortices exhibit long-range interactions as they are charged under the unbroken ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{\mathcal{A}}$. They deplete the ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{\mathcal{A}}$ magnetic field near their core and also break both charge conjugation and parity symmetries. Understanding the nature of these vortices sheds light on the ground state structure of the superconductivity studied in [1]. We also study the Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition in this class of theories and point out that superconductivity can be achieved at high temperatures by increasing the ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{\mathcal{A}}$ magnetic field.