We construct the spin flaglet transform, a wavelet transform to analyze spin signals in three dimensions. Spin flaglets can probe signal content localized simultaneously in space and frequency and, moreover, are separable so that their angular and radial properties can be controlled independently. They are particularly suited to analyzing cosmological observations such as the weak gravitational lensing of galaxies. Such observations have a unique 3D geometrical setting since they are natively made on the sky, have spin angular symmetries, and are extended in the radial direction by additional distance or redshift information. Flaglets are constructed in the harmonic space defined by the Fourier-Laguerre transform, previously defined for scalar functions and extended here to signals with spin symmetries. Thanks to various sampling theorems, both the Fourier-Laguerre and flaglet transforms are theoretically exact when applied to bandlimited signals. In other words, in numerical computations the only loss of information is due to the finite representation of floating point numbers. We develop a 3D framework relating the weak lensing power spectrum to covariances of flaglet coefficients. We suggest that the resulting novel flaglet weak lensing estimator offers a powerful alternative to common 2D and 3D approaches to accurately capture cosmological information. While standard weak lensing analyses focus on either real- or harmonic-space representations (i.e., correlation functions or Fourier-Bessel power spectra, respectively), a wavelet approach inherits the advantages of both techniques, where both complicated sky coverage and uncertainties associated with the physical modeling of small scales can be handled effectively. Our codes to compute the Fourier-Laguerre and flaglet transforms are made publicly available.

Using predictions from three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamics simulations of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), we present a coherent network analysis for the detection, reconstruction, and source localization of the gravitational-wave (GW) signals. We use the RIDGE pipeline for the analysis, in which the network of LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, VIRGO, and KAGRA is considered. By combining with a GW spectrogram analysis, we show that several important hydrodynamics features in the original waveforms persist in the waveforms of the reconstructed signals. The characteristic excess in the spectrograms originates not only from the rotating core collapse, bounce, and subsequent ringdown of the proto-neutron star (PNS) as previously identified, but also from the formation of magnetohydrodynamics jets and nonaxisymmetric instabilities in the vicinity of the PNS. Regarding the GW signals emitted near the rotating core bounce, the horizon distance extends up to $\sim 18\mathrm{kpc}$ for the most rapidly rotating 3D model in this work. Following the rotating core bounce, the dominant source of the GW emission shifts to the nonaxisymmetric instabilities. The horizon distances extend maximally up to $\sim 40\mathrm{kpc}$ seen from the spin axis. With an increasing number of 3D models trending towards explosion recently, our results suggest that in addition to the best-studied GW signals due to rotating core collapse and bounce, the time is ripe to consider how we can do science from GWs of CCSNe much more seriously than before. In particular, the quasiperiodic signals due to the nonaxisymmetric instabilities and the detectability deserves further investigation to elucidate the inner workings of the rapidly rotating CCSNe.

The hierarchy of fermion masses in the standard model may arise via the breaking of discrete gauge symmetries. The renormalizable interactions of the flavor-symmetry-breaking potential can have accidental global symmetries that are spontaneously broken, leading to pseudo-Goldstone bosons that may drive inflation. We consider two-field, axion-monodromy inflation models in which the inflaton is identified with a linear combination of pseudo-Goldstone bosons of the flavor sector. We show that the resulting models are nontrivially constrained by current cosmological data as well as the requirements of viable flavor model building.

The strong $D_s^{*}{D}_s{\eta }^{(\prime )}$ and $B_s^{*}{B}_s{\eta }^{(\prime )}$ vertices are studied and the relevant couplings are calculated in the context of the light-cone QCD sum rule method with twist-4 accuracy by including the next-to-leading-order corrections. In the analysis, both the quark and gluon components of the $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons and the axial-anomaly-corrected higher-twist distributions are included.

We present a multiscale thermalization algorithm for lattice gauge theory, which enables efficient parallel generation of uncorrelated gauge field configurations. The algorithm combines standard Monte Carlo techniques with ideas drawn from real space renormalization group and multigrid methods. We demonstrate the viability of the algorithm for pure Yang-Mills gauge theory for both heat bath and hybrid Monte Carlo evolution, and show that it ameliorates the problem of topological freezing up to controllable lattice spacing artifacts.

The quark mass dependence of hadrons is an important input for lattice calculations. We investigate the light quark mass dependence of the binding energy of the $X(3872)$ in a finite box to next-to-leading order in an effective field theory for the $X(3872)$ with perturbative pions. At this order, the quark mass dependence is determined by a quark-mass-dependent contact interaction in addition to the one-pion exchange. While there is only a moderate sensitivity to the light quark masses in the region up to twice their physical value, the finite-volume effects are significant already at a box length as large as 20 fm.

The recent LHCb discovery of states $P_c^{+}(4380)$, $P_c^{+}(4450)$, believed to be $c\overline{c}uud$ pentaquark resonances, begs the question of whether equivalent states with $c\overline{c}\to s\overline{s}$ exist, and how they might be produced. The precise analogue to the $P_c^{+}$ discovery channel ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b\to J/\psi K^{-}p$, namely, ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c\to \varphi {\pi }^{0}p$, is feasible for this study and indeed is less Cabibbo suppressed, although its limited phase space suggests that evidence of a $s\overline{s}uud$ resonance $P_s^{+}$ would be confined to the kinematic end-point region.

Large top-quark flavor changing through neutral currents is expected by many extensions of the standard model. Direct and indirect searches for flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNC) in the top-quark decays to an up-type quark (up, charm) and a Higgs boson are presented. We probe the observability of the top-Higgs FCNC couplings through the process ${\mathrm{e}}^{-}{\mathrm{e}}^{+}\to t(\to \ell {\nu }_{\ell }b)\overline{t}(\to qH)$, where $\ell =\mathrm{e}$, $\mu$ and $q$ reflects up and charm quarks. It is shown that the branching ratio $\mathrm{Br}(t\to qH)$ can be probed down to $1.12\times {10}^{-3}$ at 95% C.L. at the center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV with an integrated luminosity of $3000{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. We also update the constraint on the top-Higgs FCNC coupling using the electroweak precision observables related to $Z\to c\overline{c}$ decay.

The decay $B^0\to \psi (2S)K^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ is analyzed using $3{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data collected with the LHCb detector. A model-independent description of the $\psi (2S)\pi$ mass spectrum is obtained, using as input the $K\pi$ mass spectrum and angular distribution derived directly from data, without requiring a theoretical description of resonance shapes or their interference. The hypothesis that the $\psi (2S)\pi$ mass spectrum can be described in terms of $K\pi$ reflections alone is rejected with more than $8\sigma$ significance. This provides confirmation, in a model-independent way, of the need for an additional resonant component in the mass region of the $Z(4430{)}^{-}$ exotic state.

Using $2.92{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of electron-positron annihilation data collected at $\sqrt{s}=3.773\mathrm{GeV}$ with the BESIII detector, we obtain the first measurements of the absolute branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(D^{+}\to K_L^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e)=(4.481\pm 0.027(\text{stat})\pm 0.103(\text{sys}))\%$ and the $CP$ asymmetry $A_{CP}^{D^{+}\to K_L^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e}=(-0.59\pm 0.60(\text{stat})\pm 1.48(\text{sys}))\%$. From the $D^{+}\to K_L^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e$ differential decay rate distribution, the product of the hadronic form factor and the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element, $f_{+}^K(0)|V_{cs}|$, is determined to be $0.728\pm 0.006(\text{stat})\pm 0.011(\text{sys})$. Using $|V_{cs}|$ from the SM constrained fit with the measured $f_{+}^K(0)|V_{cs}|$, $f_{+}^K(0)=0.748\pm 0.007(\text{stat})\pm 0.012(\text{sys})$ is obtained, and utilizing the unquenched Lattice QCD (LQCD) calculation for $f_{+}^K(0)$, $|V_{cs}|=0.975\pm 0.008(\text{stat})\pm 0.015(\text{sys})\pm 0.025(\mathrm{LQCD})$.

We study the energy representation of conformal quantum mechanics as the Whittaker vector without specifying the classical Lagrangian. We show that a generating function of expectation values among two excited states of the dilatation operator in conformal quantum mechanics is a solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and it corresponds to the ${\mathrm{AdS}}_2$ partition function evaluated as the minisuperspace wave function in Liouville field theory. We also show that the dilatation expectation values in conformal quantum mechanics lead to the asymptotic smoothed counting function of the Riemann zeros.

For systems with charged chiral fermions, the imbalance of chirality in the presence of magnetic field generates an electric current—this is the chiral magnetic effect (CME). We study the dynamical real-time evolution of electromagnetic fields coupled by the anomaly to the chiral charge density and the CME current by solving the Maxwell-Chern-Simons equations. We find that the CME induces the inverse cascade of magnetic helicity toward the large distances, and that at late times this cascade becomes self-similar, with universal exponents. We also find that in terms of gauge field topology the inverse cascade represents the transition from linked electric and magnetic fields (Hopfions) to the knotted configuration of magnetic field (Chandrasekhar-Kendall states). The magnetic reconnections are accompanied by the pulses of the CME current directed along the magnetic field lines. We devise an experimental signature of these phenomena in heavy ion collisions, and speculate about implications for condensed matter systems.

We show that a self-interacting neutrino gas can spontaneously acquire a nonstationary pulsating component in its flavor content, with a frequency that can exactly cancel the “multiangle” refractive effects of dense matter. This can then enable homogeneous and inhomogeneous flavor conversion instabilities to exist even at large neutrino and matter densities, where the system would have been stable if the evolution were strictly stationary. Large flavor conversions, especially close to a supernova core, are possible via this novel mechanism. This may have important consequences for the explosion dynamics, nucleosynthesis, as well as for neutrino observations of supernovae.

We consider a scalar field model with a self-interaction potential that possesses a discrete vacuum manifold. We point out that this model allows for both topological and nontopological solitons. In ($1+1$) dimensions both types of solutions have finite energy, while in ($3+1$) dimensions, the topological solitons have finite energy per unit area only and correspond to domain walls. Nontopological solitons with finite energy do exist in ($3+1$) dimensions, however, due to a nontrivial phase of the scalar field and an associated $U(1)$ symmetry of the model. We construct these so-called $Q$-ball solutions numerically, point out differences from previous studies with different scalar field potentials, and also discuss the influence of a minimal coupling to both gravity and a $U(1)$ gauge field. In this latter case, the conserved Noether charge $Q$ can be interpreted as the electric charge of the solution.

Using the complex-valued self-dual connection variables, the loop quantum cosmology of a closed Friedmann space-time coupled to a massless scalar field is studied. It is shown how the reality conditions can be imposed in the quantum theory by choosing a particular inner product for the kinematical Hilbert space. While holonomies of the self-dual Ashtekar connection are not well defined in the kinematical Hilbert space, it is possible to introduce a family of generalized holonomylike operators of which some are well defined; these operators in turn are used in the definition of the Hamiltonian constraint operator where the scalar field can be used as a relational clock. The resulting quantum theory is closely related, although not identical, to standard loop quantum cosmology constructed from the Ashtekar-Barbero variables with a real Immirzi parameter. Effective Friedmann equations are derived which provide a good approximation to the full quantum dynamics for sharply peaked states whose volume remains much larger than the Planck volume, and they show that for these states quantum gravity effects resolve the big-bang and big-crunch singularities and replace them by a nonsingular bounce. Finally, the loop quantization in self-dual variables of a flat Friedmann space-time is recovered in the limit of zero spatial curvature and is identical to the standard loop quantization in terms of the real-valued Ashtekar-Barbero variables.

We consider a complete list of simplified models in which Majorana dark matter particles annihilate at tree level to $hh$ or $hZ$ final states and calculate the loop-induced elastic scattering cross section with nuclei in each case. Expressions for these annihilation and elastic scattering cross sections are provided and can be easily applied to a variety of UV-complete models. We identify several phenomenologically viable scenarios, including dark matter that annihilates through the $s$-channel exchange of a spin-zero mediator or through the $t$-channel exchange of a fermion. Although the elastic scattering cross sections predicted in this class of models are generally quite small, XENON1T and LZ should be sensitive to significant regions of this parameter space. Models in which the dark matter annihilates to $hh$ or $hZ$ can also generate a gamma-ray signal that is compatible with the excess observed from the Galactic center.

We study the effect of the change of the current quark mass on the inhomogeneous chiral phase in the QCD phase diagram and discuss the properties of the phase transition using the generalized Ginzburg-Landau expansion. The strong external magnetic field spreads this phase over the low chemical potential region even if the current quark mass is finite. This implies that the existence of this phase can be explored by the lattice QCD simulation.

In this work we investigate a scalar field dark matter model with mass on the order of 100 MeV. We assume dark matter is produced in the process $e^{-}+e^{+}\to \varphi +{\varphi }^{*}+\gamma$ which, in fact, could be a background for the standard process $e^{-}+e^{+}\to \nu +\overline{\nu }+\gamma$ extensively studied at LEP. We constrain the chiral couplings $C_L$ and $C_R$ of the dark matter with electrons through an intermediate fermion of mass $m_F=100\mathrm{GeV}$ and obtain $C_L=0.1(0.25)$ and $C_R=0.25(0.1)$ for the best-fit point of our ${\chi }^2$ analysis. We also analyze the potential of the International Linear Collider to constrain this scalar dark matter for two configurations: (i) a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=500\mathrm{GeV}$ and luminosity $\mathcal{L}=250{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$, and (ii) a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=1\mathrm{TeV}$ and luminosity $\mathcal{L}=500{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. The differences of polarized beams are also explored to better understand the chiral couplings.

The electromagnetic form factors of the spin-$3/2$ $\mathrm{\Omega }$ baryons, namely $\mathrm{\Omega }$, ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{cc}^{*}$ and ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{ccc}$, are calculated in full QCD on ${32}^3\times 64$ PACS-CS lattices with a pion mass of 156(9) MeV. The electric charge radii and magnetic moments from the $E0$ and $M1$ multipole form factors are extracted. Results for the electric quadrupole form factors, $E2$, are also given. Quark sector contributions are computed individually for each observable and then combined to obtain the baryon properties. We find that the charm quark contributions are systematically smaller than the strange-quark contributions in the case of the charge radii and magnetic moments. $E2$ moments of the ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{cc}^{*}$ and ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{ccc}$ provide a statistically significant data to conclude that their electric charge distributions are deformed to an oblate shape. Properties of the spin-$1/2$ ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c$ and ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{cc}$ baryons are also computed and a thorough comparison is given. This complete study gives valuable hints about the heavy-quark dynamics in charmed hadrons.