In this paper, we analyze the dilepton mass square $q^2$ dependency of single lepton polarization asymmetries and $CP$ violation for $\overline{B}\to {\overline{K}}_0^{*}(1430){\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-},\ell =\mu ,\tau$ in the two Higgs doublet model context. Also, we study the averages of these asymmetries in the domain $4m_{\ell }^2<q^2<(m_B-m_{K_0^{*}}{)}^2$. Our study manifests that the investigation of the above-mentioned asymmetries for $\overline{B}\to {\overline{K}}_0^{*}(1430){\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ processes could provide useful information for probing new Higgs bosons in the future B-physics experiments.

The quark-connected part of the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment is computed using lattice QCD with chiral fermions. We report several significant algorithmic improvements and demonstrate their effectiveness through specific calculations which show a reduction in statistical errors by more than an order of magnitude. The most realistic of these calculations is performed with a near-physical 171 MeV pion mass on a $(4.6\mathrm{fm}{)}^3$ spatial volume using the ${32}^3\times 64$ $\mathrm{Iwasaki}+\mathrm{DSDR}$ gauge ensemble of the RBC/UKQCD Collaboration.

We propose that the unified Fano-like interference picture applies to $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}J/\psi$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\psi (3686)$, where $Y(4260)$ and $Y(4360)$ are observed, respectively, to provide a reasonable interpretation of the asymmetric line shapes of $Y(4260)$ and $Y(4360)$ structures. Moreover, the Fano-like interference induces an extra broad structure $Y(4008)$ in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}J/\psi$ as a companion peak to $Y(4260)$. Three charmoniumlike states $Y(4008)$, $Y(4260)$ and $Y(4360)$ observed in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation processes are not genuine resonances. Under this scenario, it is well explained why $Y(4008)$, $Y(4260)$, and $Y(4360)$ are absent in the experimental data of the $R$ value scan and missing in open-charm decay channels. Although the present work presents a typical application of the Fano-like interference in particle physics at the lower energy region, we have reason to believe that the Fano-like phenomena may exist in other processes such as $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\psi (3770)$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to K^{+}{K}^{-}J/\psi$, which will be accessible at BESIII and forthcoming BelleII.

We consider the two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model within the random phase approximation (RPA) framework to evaluate the masses of the $\sigma$ and ${\pi }^0$ mesons and the ${\pi }^0$ decay constant in the presence of a magnetic field at vanishing temperatures and baryonic densities. The present work extends other RPA applications by fully considering the external momenta which enter the integrals representing the magnetized polarization tensor. We employ a a field-independent regularization scheme so that more accurate results can be obtained in the evaluation of physical quantities containing pionic contributions. As we show, this technical improvement generates results which agree well with those produced by lattice simulations and chiral perturbation theory. Our method may also prove to be useful in future evaluations of quantities, such as the shear viscosity and the equation of state of magnetized quark matter with mesonic contributions.

The unique forward LHCb acceptance opens the possibility for performing precision Standard Model processes in a kinematical regime beyond the reach of both ATLAS and CMS experiments. In this article we discuss the feasibility of performing $W^{\pm }j$ measurements with 14 TeV LHCb data, and find that the leptonic asymmetry at high pseudorapidity, with appropriate cuts on the associated jet, can provide a factor of 3 reduction on the $d$-quark parton distribution function uncertainty in a region of Bjorken $x>0.5$.

We use a numerical method, the finite-mode approach, to study inhomogeneous condensation in effective models for QCD in a general framework. Former limitations of considering a specific Ansatz for the spatial dependence of the condensate are overcome. Different error sources are analyzed and strategies to minimize or eliminate them are outlined. The analytically known results for $1+1$-dimensional models (such as the Gross-Neveu model and extensions of it) are correctly reproduced using the finite-mode approach. Moreover, the NJL model in $3+1$ dimensions is investigated and its phase diagram is determined with particular focus on the inhomogeneous phase at high density.

Recent data of reactor neutrino experiments set more stringent constraints on leptonic mixing patterns. We examine all possible patterns on the basis of combinations of elementary correlations of elements of leptonic mixing matrix. We obtain 62 viable mixing patters at $3\sigma$ level of mixing parameters. Most of these patterns can be paired via the $\mu -\tau$ interchange which changes the octant of ${\theta }_{23}$ and the sign of $\cos \delta$. All viable patterns can be classified into two groups: the perturbative patterns and nonperturbative patterns. The former can be obtained from perturbing tri-bimaximal mixing. The latter cannot be obtained from perturbing any mixing pattern whose ${\theta }_{13}$ is zero. Different predictions of Dirac $CP$ phase $\delta$ of these two types of mixing patterns are discussed. Evolutions of mass matrices of neutrinos with small mixing parameters are discussed via special mixing patterns on the basis of flavor groups. In general cases, a small variation of $\sin {\theta }_{13}$ may bring about large modifications to alignment of vacuum expectation values in a mixing model. Therefore, small but nonzero $\sin {\theta }_{13}$ brings a severer challenge to leptonic mixing models on the basis of flavor groups than usual views.

We study the contribution of Galactic sources to the flux of astrophysical neutrinos recently observed by the IceCube Collaboration. We show that in the simplest model of homogeneous and isotropic cosmic ray diffusion in the Milky Way the Galactic diffuse neutrino emission consistent with $\gamma$-ray (Fermi-LAT) and cosmic ray data (KASCADE, KASCADE-Grande and CREAM) is expected to account for only 4%–8% of the IceCube flux above 60 TeV. Direct neutrino emission from cosmic-ray-gas ($pp$) interactions in the sources will require an unusually large average opacity above 0.01. On the other hand, we find that the IceCube events already probe Galactic neutrino scenarios via the distribution of event arrival directions. Based on the latter, we show that most Galactic scenarios can only have a limited contribution to the astrophysical signal: diffuse Galactic emission ($\lesssim 50\%$), quasidiffuse emission of neutrino sources ($\lesssim 65\%$), extended diffuse emission from the Fermi bubbles ($\lesssim 25\%$) or unidentified TeV $\gamma$-ray sources ($\lesssim 25\%$). The arguments discussed here leave, at present, dark matter decay unconstrained.

We propose a two-loop induced neutrino mass model, in which we show some bench mark points to satisfy the observed neutrino oscillation, the constraints of lepton flavor violations, and the relic density in the coannihilation system satisfying the current upper bound on the spin independent scattering cross section with nuclei. We also discuss new sources of muon anomalous magnetic moments.

The Einstein Telescope is a conceived third-generation gravitational-wave detector that is envisioned to be an order of magnitude more sensitive than advanced LIGO, Virgo, and Kagra, which would be able to detect gravitational-wave signals from the coalescence of compact objects with waveforms starting as low as 1 Hz. With this level of sensitivity, we expect to detect sources at cosmological distances. In this paper we introduce an improved method for the generation of mock data and analyze it with a new low-latency compact binary search pipeline called gstlal. We present the results from this analysis with a focus on low-frequency analysis of binary neutron stars. Despite compact binary coalescence signals lasting hours in the Einstein Telescope sensitivity band when starting at 5 Hz, we show that we are able to discern various overlapping signals from one another. We also determine the detection efficiency for each of the analysis runs conducted and show a proof of concept method for estimating the number signals as a function of redshift. Finally, we show that our ability to recover the signal parameters has improved by an order of magnitude when compared to the results of the first mock data and science challenge. For binary neutron stars we are able to recover the total mass and chirp mass to within 0.5% and 0.05%, respectively.

We study the general relativistic collapse of neutron star (NS) models in spherical symmetry. Our initially stable models are driven to collapse by the addition of one of two things: an initially ingoing velocity profile, or a shell of minimally coupled, massless scalar field that falls onto the star. Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) solutions with an initially isentropic, gamma-law equation of state serve as our NS models. The initial values of the velocity profile’s amplitude and the star’s central density span a parameter space which we have surveyed extensively and which we find provides a rich picture of the possible end states of NS collapse. This parameter space survey elucidates the boundary between Type I and Type II critical behavior in perfect fluids which coincides, on the subcritical side, with the boundary between dispersed and bound end states. For our particular model, initial velocity amplitudes greater than $0.3c$ are needed to probe the regime where arbitrarily small black holes can form. In addition, we investigate Type I behavior in our system by varying the initial amplitude of the initially imploding scalar field. In this case we find that the Type I critical solutions resemble TOV solutions on the 1-mode unstable branch of equilibrium solutions, and that the critical solutions’ frequencies agree well with the fundamental mode frequencies of the unstable equilibria. Additionally, the critical solution’s scaling exponent is shown to be well approximated by a linear function of the initial star’s central density.

The curved spacetime around current loops and solenoids carrying arbitrarily large steady electric currents is obtained from the numerical resolution of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell equations in cylindrical symmetry. The artificial gravitational field associated to the generation of a magnetic field produces gravitational redshift of photons and deviation of light. Null geodesics in the curved spacetime of current loops and solenoids are also presented. We finally propose an experimental setup achievable with current technology of superconducting coils, that produces a phase shift of light of the same order of magnitude as astrophysical signals in ground-based gravitational wave observatories.

Treating the gravitational force on the same footing as the electroweak and strong forces, we present a quantum field theory of gravity based on spin and scaling gauge symmetries. A biframe spacetime is initiated to describe such a quantum gravity theory. The gravifield sided on both locally flat noncoordinate spacetime and globally flat Minkowski spacetime is an essential ingredient for gauging global spin and scaling symmetries. The locally flat gravifield spacetime spanned by the gravifield is associated with a noncommutative geometry characterized by a gauge-type field strength of the gravifield. A coordinate-independent and gauge-invariant action for the quantum gravity is built in the gravifield basis. In the coordinate basis, we derive equations of motion for all quantum fields including the gravitational effect and obtain basic conservation laws for all symmetries. The equation of motion for the gravifield tensor is deduced in connection directly with the total energy-momentum tensor. When the spin and scaling gauge symmetries are broken down to a background structure that possesses the global Lorentz and scaling symmetries, we obtain exact solutions by solving equations of motion for the background fields in a unitary basis. The massless graviton and massive spinon result as physical quantum degrees of freedom. The resulting Lorentz-invariant and conformally flat background gravifield spacetime is characterized by a cosmic vector with a nonzero cosmological mass scale. The evolving Universe is, in general, not isotropic in terms of conformal proper time. The conformal size of the Universe becomes singular at the cosmological horizon and turns out to be inflationary in light of cosmic proper time. A mechanism for quantum scalinon inflation is demonstrated such that it is the quantum effect that causes the breaking of global scaling symmetry and generates the inflation of the early Universe, which is ended when the evolving vacuum expectation value of the scalar potential gets a minimal. Regarding the gravifield as a Goldstone-like field that transmutes the local spin gauge symmetry into the global Lorentz symmetry with a hidden general coordinate invariance, a spacetime gauge field is constructed from the spin gauge field that becomes a hidden gauge field. The bosonic gravitational interactions are described by the Goldstone-like gravimetric field and spacetime gauge field. Two types of gravity equation result; one is as the extension to Einstein’s equation of general relativity, and the other is a new one that characterizes spinon dynamics. The Einstein theory of general relativity is considered to be an effective low-energy theory.

Two-loop anomalous dimensions and one-loop renormalization scheme matching factors are calculated for six-quark operators responsible for neutron-antineutron transitions. When combined with lattice QCD determinations of the matrix elements of these operators, our results can be used to reliably predict the neutron-antineutron vacuum transition time, ${\tau }_{n\overline{n}}$, in terms of basic parameters of baryon-number-violating beyond-the-Standard-Model theories. The operators are classified by their chiral transformation properties, and a basis in which there is no operator mixing due to strong interactions is identified. Operator projectors that are required for nonperturbative renormalization of the corresponding lattice QCD six-quark operator matrix elements are constructed. A complete calculation of $\delta m=1/{\tau }_{n\overline{n}}$ in a particular beyond-the-Standard-Model theory is presented as an example to demonstrate how operator renormalization and results from lattice QCD are combined with experimental bounds on $\delta m$ to constrain the scale of new baryon-number-violating physics. At the present computationally accessible lattice QCD matching scale of $\sim 2\mathrm{GeV}$, the next-to-next-to-leading-order effects calculated in this work correct the leading-order plus next-to-leading-order $\delta m$ predictions of beyond-the-Standard-Model theories by $<26\%$. Next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-order effects provide additional unknown corrections to predictions of $\delta m$ that are estimated to be $<7\%$.

We discuss the strong couplings $g_{PPV}$ and $g_{VVP}$ for vector ($V$) and pseudoscalar ($P$) mesons, at least one of which is a charmonium state $J/\psi$ or ${\eta }_c$. The strong couplings are obtained as residues at the poles of suitable form factors, calculated in a broad range of momentum transfers using a dispersion formulation of the relativistic constituent quark model. The form factors obtained in this approach satisfy all constraints known for these quantities in the heavy-quark limit. Our results suggest sizably higher values for the strong meson couplings than those reported in the literature from QCD sum rules.

We propose a two-Higgs-doublet model where the symmetry is extended by $S_3\otimes Z_3\otimes Z_3^{\prime }\otimes Z_{14}$ and the field content is enlarged by extra $SU(2{)}_L$ singlet scalar fields. $S_3$ makes the model predictive and leads to viable fermion masses and mixing. The observed hierarchy of the quark masses arises from the $Z_3^{\prime }$ and $Z_{14}$ symmetries. The light neutrino masses are generated through a type I seesaw mechanism with two heavy Majorana neutrinos. In the lepton sector we obtain mixing angles that are nearly tri-bimaximal, in excellent agreement with the observed lepton parameters. The vacuum expectation values required for the model are naturally obtained from the scalar potential, and we analyze the scalar sector properties to further constrain the model through rare top decays (like $t\to ch$), the $h\to \gamma \gamma$ decay channel and the $T$ and $S$ parameters.

We supplement the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with vectorlike copies of standard model particles. Such fourth generation particles can raise the Higgs boson mass to the observed value without requiring very heavy superpartners, improving naturalness and the prospects for discovering supersymmetry at the LHC. Here we show that these new particles are also motivated cosmologically: in the MSSM, pure bino dark matter typically overcloses the Universe, but fourth generation particles open up new annihilation channels, allowing binos to have the correct thermal relic density without resonances or coannihilation. We show that this can be done in a sizable region of parameter space while preserving gauge coupling unification and satisfying constraints from collider, Higgs, precision electroweak, and flavor physics.

We explore the use of the inverse amplitude method for unitarization of scattering amplitudes to derive the existence and properties of possible new heavy states associated with perturbative extensions of the electroweak breaking sector of the Standard Model starting from the low-energy effective theory. We use a toy effective theory generated by integrating out a heavy singlet scalar and compare the pole mass and width of the unitarized amplitudes with those of the original model. Our results show that the inverse amplitude method reproduces correctly the singlet mass up to factors of $\mathcal{O}(1–3)$, but its width is overestimated.

Lattice QCD studies on fluctuations and correlations of charm quantum number have established that deconfinement of charm degrees of freedom sets in around the chiral crossover temperature, $T_c$; i.e., charm degrees of freedom carrying fractional baryonic charge start to appear. By reexamining those same lattice QCD data we show that, in addition to the contributions from quarklike excitations, the partial pressure of charm degrees of freedom may still contain significant contributions from open-charm-meson- and baryonlike excitations associated with integral baryonic charges for temperatures up to $1.2T_c$. Charm-quark quasiparticles become the dominant degrees of freedom for temperatures $T>1.2T_c$.

We revisit the medium-induced coherent radiation associated to hard and forward (small-angle) scattering of an energetic parton through a nuclear medium. We consider all $1\to 1$ hard forward processes ($g\to g$, $q\to q$, $q\to g$ and $g\to q$), and derive the energy spectrum of induced coherent radiation rigorously to all orders in the opacity expansion and for the specific case of a Coulomb scattering potential. We obtain a simple general formula for the induced coherent spectrum, which encompasses the results corresponding to previously known special cases.