An earlier analysis of observed and anticipated ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c$ decays [M. Gronau and J. L. Rosner, Phys. Rev. D 97, 116015 (2018)] is provided with a table of inputs and a figure denoting branching fractions. This addendum is based on the compilation by M. Tanabashi et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 98, 030001 (2018) and employs a statistical isospin model to estimate branching fractions for as-yet-unseen decay modes.

An amplitude analysis of the $K_S{K}_S$ system produced in radiative $J/\psi$ decays is performed using the $(1310.6\pm 7.0)\times {10}^{6}J/\psi$ decays collected by the BESIII detector. Two approaches are presented. A mass-dependent analysis is performed by parametrizing the $K_S{K}_S$ invariant mass spectrum as a sum of Breit-Wigner line shapes. Additionally, a mass-independent analysis is performed to extract a piecewise function that describes the dynamics of the $K_S{K}_S$ system while making minimal assumptions about the properties and number of poles in the amplitude. The dominant amplitudes in the mass-dependent analysis include the $f_0(1710)$, $f_0(2200)$, and $f_2^{\prime }(1525)$. The mass-independent results, which are made available as input for further studies, are consistent with those of the mass-dependent analysis and are useful for a systematic study of hadronic interactions. The branching fraction of radiative $J/\psi$ decays to $K_S{K}_S$ is measured to be $(8.1\pm 0.4)\times {10}^{-4}$, where the uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible.

The full computation of the renormalized expectation values $⟨{\mathrm{\Phi }}^2{⟩}_{\mathrm{ren}}$ and $⟨{\widehat{T}}_{\mu \nu }{⟩}_{\mathrm{ren}}$ in four-dimensional (4D) black hole interiors has been a long-standing challenge, which has impeded the investigation of quantum effects on the internal structure of black holes for decades. Employing a recently developed mode sum renormalization scheme to numerically implement the point-splitting method, we report here the first computation of $⟨{\mathrm{\Phi }}^2{⟩}_{\mathrm{ren}}$ in the Unruh state in the region inside the event horizon of a 4D Schwarzschild black hole. We further present its Hartle-Hawking counterpart, which we calculate using the same method, and obtain a fairly good agreement with previous results attained using an entirely different method by Candelas and Jensen in 1986. Our results further agree upon approaching the event horizon when compared with previous results calculated outside the black hole. Finally, the results we obtain for the Hartle-Hawking state at the event horizon agree with previous analytical results published by Candelas in 1980. This work sets the stage for further explorations of $⟨{\mathrm{\Phi }}^2{⟩}_{\mathrm{ren}}$ and $⟨{\widehat{T}}_{\mu \nu }{⟩}_{\mathrm{ren}}$ in 4D black hole interiors.

We show that underground experiments like LUX/LZ, PandaX-II, XENON, and PICO could discover dark matter up to the Planck mass and beyond, with new searches for dark matter that scatters multiple times in these detectors. This opens up significant discovery potential via reanalysis of existing and future data. We also identify a new effect that substantially enhances experimental sensitivity to large dark matter scattering cross sections: while passing through atmospheric or solid overburden, there is a maximum number of scatters that dark matter undergoes, determined by the total number of scattering sites it passes, such as nuclei and electrons. For dark matter heavier than $\sim {10}^{15}\mathrm{GeV}$, this extends the reach of some published limits and future analyses to exclude large dark matter scattering cross sections, using detectors two kilometers underground.

The observation of $t\overline{t}h(125)$ production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the first direct measurement of the top Yukawa coupling. It opens the window on an extra top Yukawa coupling, ${\rho }_{tt}$, from a second Higgs doublet, without a $Z_2$ symmetry to forbid flavor changing neutral Higgs couplings. We show that $t\overline{t}h$ and Higgs property measurements at the High Luminosity LHC can constrain the $\mathrm{Re}{\rho }_{tt}–\mathrm{Im}{\rho }_{tt}$ parameter space that could drive electroweak baryogenesis, but the ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_h$ width measurement must be considerably improved beyond current projections.

We analyze the effects of the light and strange current quark masses on the phase diagram of QCD at finite temperature and vanishing baryonic chemical potential, computing the speed of sound, the trace anomaly of the energy momentum tensor, and the fluctuations and correlations of the conserved charges associated to baryonic, electric, and strangeness numbers. The framework is a known extension of the three flavor Nambu Jona Lasinio model, which includes the full set of explicit chiral symmetry breaking interactions (ESB) up to the same order in large $N_c$ counting as the ’t Hooft flavor mixing terms and eight quark interactions. It is shown that the ESB terms are relevant for the description of a soft region in the system’s speed of sound and overall slope behavior of the observables computed. At the same time the role of the 8q interactions gets highlighted. The model extension with the Polyakov loop is considered and the results are compared to lattice QCD data.

The Collider Detector at Fermilab collected a unique sample of jets originating from bottom-quark fragmentation ($b$-jets) by selecting online proton-antiproton ($p\overline{p}$) collisions with a vertex displaced from the $p\overline{p}$ interaction point, consistent with the decay of a bottom-quark hadron. This data set, collected at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$, is used to measure the $Z$-boson production cross section times branching ratio into $b\overline{b}$. The number of $Z\to b\overline{b}$ events is determined by fitting the dijet-mass distribution, while constraining the dominant $b$-jet background, originating from QCD multijet events, with data. The result, $\sigma (p\overline{p}\to Z)\times \mathcal{B}(Z\to b\overline{b})=1.11\pm 0.08(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.14(\mathrm{syst})\mathrm{nb}$, is the most precise measurement of this process, and is consistent with the standard-model prediction. The data set is also used to search for Higgs-boson production. No significant signal is expected in our data and the first upper limit on the cross section for the inclusive $p\overline{p}\to H\to b\overline{b}$ process at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\mathrm{TeV}$ is set, corresponding to 33 times the expected standard-model cross section, or $\sigma =40.6\mathrm{pb}$, at the 95% confidence level.

We test the hypothesis that configurations of a proton with a large-$x$ parton, $x_p\gtrsim 0.1$, have a smaller than average transverse size. The application of the QCD $Q^2$ evolution equations shows that these small configurations also have a significantly smaller interaction strength, which has observable consequences in proton-nucleus collisions. We perform a global analysis of jet production data in proton- and deuteron-nucleus collisions at RHIC and the LHC. Using a model which takes a distribution of interaction strengths into account, we quantitatively extract the $x_p$ dependence of the average interaction strength, $\sigma (x_p)$, over a wide kinematic range. By comparing the RHIC and LHC results, our analysis finds that the interaction strength for small configurations, while suppressed, grows faster with collision energy than does that for average configurations. We check that this energy dependence is consistent with the results of a method which, given $\sigma (x_p)$ at one energy, can be used to quantitatively predict that at another. This finding further suggests that at even lower energies, nucleons with a large-$x_p$ parton should interact much more weakly than those in an average configuration, a phenomenon in line with explanations of the EMC effect for large-$x_p$ quarks in nuclei based on color screening.

Although the physical Hamiltonian operator can be constructed in the deparametrized model of loop quantum gravity coupled to a scalar field, its property is still unknown. This open issue is attacked in this paper by considering an operator ${\widehat{H}}_v$ representing the square of the physical Hamiltonian operator acting nontrivially on a two-valent vertex of spin networks. The Hilbert space ${\mathcal{H}}_v$ preserved by the graphing changing operator ${\widehat{H}}_v$ is consist of spin networks with a single two-valent nondegenerate vertex. The matrix element of ${\widehat{H}}_v$ are explicitly worked out in a suitable basis. It turns out that the operator ${\widehat{H}}_v$ is essentially self-adjoint, which implies a well-defined physical Hamiltonian operator in ${\mathcal{H}}_v$ for the deparametrized model.

We compute the local second variation of the von Neumann entropy of a region in theories with a gravity dual. For null variations our formula says that the diagonal part of the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is saturated in every state, thus providing an equivalence between energy and entropy. We prove that the formula holds at leading order in $1/N$ and further argue that it will not be affected at higher orders. We conjecture that the QNEC is saturated in all interacting theories. We also discuss the special case of free theories, and the implications of our formula for the averaged null energy condition, quantum focusing conjecture (QFC), and gravitational equations of motion. We show that the leading-order gravitational equations of motion, Einstein’s equations, are equivalent to the leading-order saturation of the QFC for Planck-width deformations.

We study supersymmetric solutions within seven-dimensional $N=2$ gauged supergravity coupled to three vector multiplets in seven dimensions. The gauged supergravity contains six vector fields that gauge the $SO(4)\sim SO(3)\times SO(3)$ symmetry and admits two $N=2$ supersymmetric ${\mathrm{AdS}}_7$ vacua with $SO(4)$ and $SO(3{)}_{\mathrm{diag}}\subset SO(3)\times SO(3)$ symmetries. We consider solutions interpolating between two asymptotically locally ${\mathrm{AdS}}_7$ geometries in the presence of a three-form field. For a particular value of the two $SO(3)$ gauge coupling constants, the $SO(3{)}_{\mathrm{diag}}$ supersymmetric ${\mathrm{AdS}}_7$ vacuum does not exist, but the solutions can be uplifted to 11 dimensions by a known reduction ansatz. We also study solutions of this type and their embedding in M theory. We further extend these solutions to include the $SO(3{)}_{\mathrm{diag}}$ gauge fields and argue that, in general, this generalization does not lead to supersymmetric solutions.

We find that the time dependence of holographic complexity is controlled by the Rindler boost symmetry across the horizon. By studying the collision energy experienced by an infalling object, we see that the breaking of this boost symmetry is closely related to firewalls, which in turn shows the connection between the time dependence of complexity and firewalls. We further identify the black and white hole interiors as two tapes storing different parts of the minimal circuit preparing the state. Depending on whether the quantum gates are being laid on the tape at a particular moment, each tape can be in two states: working, or locked. We interpret the existence of firewalls as the locking of tapes.

This paper is devoted to the construction of the Hamiltonian for nonrelativistic string in the Newton-Cartan background. We start with the Hamiltonian for relativistic string in general background. Then we perform a limiting procedure on the metric that leads to Newton-Cartan background. We determine the constraint structure for nonrelativistic string and show that these constraints are the first class constraints. Then we determine the corresponding Lagrangian and discuss its properties.

We study the harvesting of entanglement and mutual information by Unruh-DeWitt particle detectors from thermal and squeezed coherent field states. We prove (for arbitrary spatial dimensions, switching profiles and detector smearings) that while the entanglement harvesting ability of detectors decreases monotonically with the field temperature $T$, harvested mutual information grows linearly with $T$. We also show that entanglement harvesting from a general squeezed coherent state is independent of the coherent amplitude, but depends strongly on the squeezing amplitude. Moreover, we find that highly squeezed states (i) allow for detectors to harvest much more entanglement than from the vacuum, and (ii) ensure that the entanglement harvested does not decay with their spatial separation. Finally, we analyze the spatial inhomogeneity of squeezed states and its influence on harvesting, and investigate how much entanglement one can actually extract from squeezed states when the squeezing is bandlimited.

In the coming years gravitational-wave detectors will undergo a series of improvements, with an increase in their detection rate by about an order of magnitude. Routine detections of gravitational-wave signals promote novel astrophysical and fundamental theory studies, while simultaneously leading to an increase in the number of detections temporally overlapping with instrumentally- or environmentally-induced transients in the detectors (glitches), often of unknown origin. Indeed, this was the case for the very first detection by the LIGO and Virgo detectors of a gravitational-wave signal consistent with a binary neutron star coalescence, GW170817. A loud glitch in the LIGO-Livingston detector, about one second before the merger, hampered coincident detection (which was initially achieved solely with LIGO-Hanford data). Moreover, accurate source characterization depends on specific assumptions about the behavior of the detector noise that are rendered invalid by the presence of glitches. In this paper, we present the various techniques employed for the initial mitigation of the glitch to perform source characterization of GW170817 and study advantages and disadvantages of each mitigation method. We show that, despite the presence of instrumental noise transients louder than the one affecting GW170817, we are still able to produce unbiased measurements of the intrinsic parameters from simulated injections with properties similar to GW170817.

We consider the near-horizon fall-off conditions of stationary black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory and find a conserved charge conjugate to the symmetry generator that preserves these conditions. Subsequently, we find supertranslation, superrotation, and multiple-charge modes and calculate them for two spacial examples: a typical static dilaton black hole and a charged rotating black string. In Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory, the supertranslation double-zero-mode charge ${\mathcal{T}}_{(0,0)}$ is not equal to the product of the black hole entropy and the Hawking temperature. This may be seen as a problem, but it is not. There is a $U(1)$ gauge freedom, and we use gauge fixing to fix the problem. We show that the new entropy formula $4\pi {\widehat{J}}_0^{+}{\widehat{J}}_0^{-}$, proposed by Gonzalez et al. [EPJ Web Conf. 168, 01009 (2018)], is valid for black strings as well as black holes.

The Joule-Thomson expansion process is studied for charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes in AdS space. First, in five-dimensional space-time, the isenthalpic curve in $T-P$ graph is obtained and the cooling-heating region is determined. Second, the explicit expression of Joule-Thomson coefficient is obtained from the basic formulas of enthalpy and temperature. Our methods can also be applied to van der Waals system as well as other black hole systems. And the inversion curve $\tilde{T}(\tilde{P})$ which separates the cooling region and heating region is obtained and investigated. Third, interesting dependence of the inversion curves on the charge ($Q$) and the Gauss-Bonnet parameter ($\alpha$) is revealed. In $\tilde{T}-\tilde{P}$ graph, the cooling region decreases with charge, but increases with the Gauss-Bonnet parameter. Fourth, by applying our methods, the Joule-Thomson expansion process for $\alpha =0$ case in four dimension is studied, where the Gauss-Bonnet AdS black hole degenerates into RN-AdS black hole. The inversion curves for van der Waals systems consist of two parts. One has positive slope, while the other has negative slope. However, for black hole systems, the slopes of the inversion curves are always positive, which seems to be a universal feature.

In this work, we present an analysis of the phantom zone in a causal viscous cosmology from a thermodynamic point of view. In this description, we consider a chemical potential and the approach of irreversible processes. We assume a flat universe filled with a single dissipative fluid described by a barotropic equation of state, $p=\omega \rho$. This model allows us to construct a negative chemical potential for the phantom regime and have positive definite temperature and entropy.

If left unchecked modeling uncertainties at small scales, due to poorly understood baryonic physics and nonlinear structure formation, will significantly bias Stage IV cosmic shear two-point statistic parameter constraints. While it is perhaps possible to run N-body or hydrodynamical simulations to determine the impact of these effects this approach is computationally expensive; especially to test a large number of theories of gravity. Instead we propose directly removing sensitivity to small-scale structure from the lensing spectrum, creating a statistic that is robust to these uncertainties. We do this by taking a redshift-dependent $\ell$-cut after applying the Bernardeau-Nishimichi-Taruya (BNT) nulling scheme. This reorganizes the information in the lensing spectrum to make the relationship between the angular scale, $\ell$, and the structure scale, $k$, much clearer compared to standard cosmic shear power spectra—for which no direct relationship exists. We quantify the effectiveness of this method at removing sensitivity to small scales and compute the predicted Fisher error on the dark energy equation of state, $w_0$, for different $k$-cuts in the matter power spectrum.