The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured the differential cross section of $\varphi (1020)$-meson production at forward rapidity in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=510\mathrm{GeV}$ via the dimuon decay channel. The partial cross section in the rapidity and $p_T$ ranges $1.2<|y|<2.2$ and $2<p_T<7\mathrm{GeV}/c$ is ${\sigma }_{\varphi }=[2.28\pm 0.09(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.14(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.27(\mathrm{norm})]\times {10}^{-2}\mathrm{mb}$. The energy dependence of ${\sigma }_{\varphi }$ ($1.2<|y|<2.2,2<p_T<5\mathrm{GeV}/c$) is studied using the PHENIX measurements at $\sqrt{s}=200$ and 510 GeV and the Large Hadron Collider measurements at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ and 7 TeV. The experimental results are compared to various event generator predictions (pythia6, pythia8, phojet, ampt, epos3, and epos-lhc).

A search is presented for the pair production of heavy vectorlike quarks, $T\overline{T}$ or $B\overline{B}$, that decay into final states with jets and no reconstructed leptons. Jets in the final state are classified using a deep neural network as arising from hadronically decaying $W/Z$ bosons, Higgs bosons, top quarks, or background. The analysis uses data from the ATLAS experiment corresponding to $36.1{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$ delivered by the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed. Results are interpreted assuming the vectorlike quarks decay into a Standard Model boson and a third-generation-quark, $T\to Wb,Ht,Zt$ or $B\to Wt,Hb,Zb$, for a variety of branching ratios. At 95% confidence level, the observed (expected) lower limit on the vectorlike $B$-quark mass for a weak-isospin doublet ($B$, $Y$) is 950 (890) GeV, and the lower limits on the masses for the pure decays $B\to Hb$ and $T\to Ht$, where these results are strongest, are 1010 (970) GeV and 1010 (1010) GeV, respectively.

We compute entanglement entropy and differential entropy in inhomogeneous holographic quenches in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_3/{\mathrm{CFT}}_2$. The quenches are arbitrarily inhomogeneous and modeled by an infalling shell of massless nonrotating matter where the final state is not dual to a static black hole but rather to a black hole with time-dependent stress-energy tensor modes. We study the entanglement entropy of an interval and differential entropy of a family of intervals analytically when the inhomogeneities have a perturbative amplitude and numerically for nonperturbative inhomogeneities. While we are in principle able to study these quantities for any inhomogeneities, we discuss two concrete examples: an oscillatory quench and a bilocal quench. Both cases display saturation towards a steady state but do not fully thermalize. Depending on the location and size of the interval, the entanglement entropy displays a variety of interesting phenomena such as plateau phases, bumps, and discontinuities in its first derivative with respect to time.

In this paper we derive a giant magnonlike solution for a string theory in a Schrödinger spacetime $Sc{h}_5\times S^5$ which is holographic dual to a dipole-deformed super-Yang-Mills theory. This classical string state is pointlike in $Sc{h}_5$ but stringy in a $S^2$ subspace of $S^5$. We find the string solution and the energy-charge relation exactly for an infinite angular momentum as well as for a finite one which shows an explicit finite-size correction.

We investigate the large gauge transformations of a two-form gauge field in four-dimensional Minkowski space. Our goal is to establish a connection between these asymptotic symmetries and the scalar soft theorems described by Campiglia, Coito and Mizera whereas the soft scalar mode should be interpreted in terms of its two-form dual counterpart.

Extended theories of gravity have gathered a lot of attention over the past years, for they not only provide an excellent framework to describe the inflationary era but also yield an alternative to the elusive and mysterious dark energy. Among the different extended theories of gravity, in this work we focus on metric $f(R)$ theories. In addition, it is well known that if the late-time acceleration of the Universe is stronger than the one induced by a cosmological constant, then some future cosmic singularities might arise, the big rip being the most virulent one. Following this reasoning, in this work, we analyze the big rip singularity in the framework of $f(R)$ quantum geometrodynamics. Invoking the DeWitt criterion, i.e., that the wave function vanishes at the classical singularity, we prove that a class of solutions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation fulfilling this condition can be found. Therefore, this result hints toward the avoidance of the big rip in metric $f(R)$ theories of gravity.

Cosmic shear—the weak gravitational lensing effect generated by fluctuations of the gravitational tidal fields of the large-scale structure—is one of the most promising tools for current and future cosmological analyses. The spherical-Bessel decomposition of the cosmic shear field (3D cosmic shear) is one way to maximize the amount of redshift information in a lensing analysis and therefore provides a powerful tool to investigate in particular the growth of cosmic structure that is crucial for dark energy studies. However, the computation of simulated 3D cosmic shear covariance matrices presents numerical difficulties, due to the required integrations over highly oscillatory functions. We present and compare two numerical methods and relative implementations to perform these integrations. We then show how to generate 3D Gaussian random fields on the sky in spherical coordinates, starting from the 3D cosmic shear covariances. To validate our field-generation procedure, we calculate the Minkowski functionals associated with our random fields, compare them with the known expectation values for the Gaussian case and demonstrate parameter inference from Minkowski functionals from a cosmic shear survey. This is a first step towards producing fully 3D Minkowski functionals for a lognormal field in 3D to extract Gaussian and non-Gaussian information from the cosmic shear field, as well as towards the use of Minkowski functionals as a probe of cosmology beyond the commonly used two-point statistics.

It was recently shown by Feldbrugge et al. that the no-boundary proposal, defined via a Lorentzian path integral and in minisuperspace, leads to unstable fluctuations, in disagreement with early Universe observations. In these calculations, many off shell geometries summed over in the path integral in fact contain singularities, and the question arose whether the instability might ultimately be caused by these off shell singularities. We address this question here by considering a sum over purely regular geometries, by extending a calculation pioneered by Halliwell and Louko. We confirm that the fluctuations are unstable, even in this restricted context which, arguably, is closer in spirit to the original proposal of Hartle and Hawking. Elucidating the reasons for the instability of the no-boundary proposal will hopefully show how to overcome these difficulties or pave the way to new theories of initial conditions for the Universe.

We describe a method to detect gravitational waves lasting $O(\text{hours}–\text{days})$ emitted by young, isolated neutron stars, such as those that could form after a supernova or a binary neutron star merger, using advanced LIGO/Virgo data. The method is based on a generalization of the frequency-Hough transform, a pipeline that performs hierarchical searches for continuous gravitational waves by mapping points in the time/frequency plane of the detector to lines in the frequency/spindown plane of the source. We show that signals of which the spindowns are related to their frequencies by a power law can be transformed to coordinates in which the behavior of these signals is always linear and can therefore be searched for by the frequency-Hough transform. We estimate the sensitivity of our search across different braking indices and describe the portion of the parameter space we could explore in a search using varying fast Fourier transform lengths.

A type of gravitational-wave signal in the LIGO-Virgo data is expected to be emitted by spinning asymmetric neutron stars, with rotational frequencies that could plausibly emit continuous gravitational radiation in the most sensitive band of the LIGO-Virgo detectors. The most important feature of such signals is in their phase evolution, which is stable over a long observation run. When using analysis based on matched filtering, the phase evolution of long-coherent signals is needed to define how to build a proper template grid in order to gain the best signal-to-noise ratio possible. This information is encoded in a matrix called a phase metric, which characterizes the geometry for the likelihood given by matched filtering. Most of the time, the metric for long-coherent signals cannot be computed analytically, and even its numerical computation is not possible due to the numerical precision needed. In this paper, we show a general phase decomposition technique that is able to make the template metric semianalytically computable. We also show how these variables can be employed to distinguish robustly between astrophysical signals and nonstationary noise artifacts that may affect analysis pipelines.

In previous work we have presented scheme-independent calculations of physical properties of operators at a conformally invariant infrared fixed point in an asymptotically free gauge theory with gauge group $G$ and $N_f$ fermions in a representation $R$ of $G$. Here we generalize this analysis to the case of fermions in multiple representations, focusing on the case of two different representations. Our results include the calculation of the anomalous dimensions of gauge-invariant fermion bilinear operators, and the derivative of the beta function, evaluated at the infrared fixed point. We illustrate our results in an $\mathrm{SU}(N_c)$ gauge theory with $N_F$ fermions in the fundamental representation and $N_{Adj}$ fermions in the adjoint representation.

We comprehensively study the charged Higgs boson contributions to the leptonic $B_q^{-}\to \ell \overline{\nu }$ ($q=u$, $c$) and semileptonic $\overline{B}\to X_q\ell \overline{\nu }$ ($X_u=\pi$, $\rho$; $X_c=D$, $D^{*}$) decays in the type-III two-Higgs doublet model. We employ the Cheng-Sher ansatz to suppress the tree-level flavor-changing neutral currents in the quark sector. When the strict constraints from the $\mathrm{\Delta }B=2$, $b\to s\gamma$, and $pp(b\overline{b})\to H/A\to {\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ processes are considered, parameters ${\chi }_{tq}^u$ from the quark couplings and ${\chi }_{\ell }^{\ell }$ from the lepton couplings dictate the leptonic and semileptonic $B$ decays. It is found that, when the measured $B_u^{-}\to \tau \overline{\nu }$ and indirect bound of $B_c^{-}\to \tau \overline{\nu }$ obtained by LEP1 data are taken into account, $R(D)$ and $R(\pi )$ can have broadly allowed ranges; however, the values of $R(\rho )$ and $R(D^{*})$ are limited to approximately the standard model (SM) results. We also find that the same behaviors also occur in the $\tau$-lepton polarizations and forward-backward asymmetries ($A_{FB}^{X_q,\tau }$) of the semileptonic decays, with the exception of $A_{FB}^{D^{*},\tau }$, for which the deviation from the SM due to the charged Higgs boson effect is still sizable. In addition, the $q^2$-dependent $A_{FB}^{\pi ,\tau }$ and $A_{FB}^{D,\tau }$ can be very sensitive to the charged Higgs boson effects and have completely different shapes from the SM.

We study the theoretical and phenomenological constraints imposed on the scalar sector of the gauged two Higgs doublet model proposed recently as a variant of the popular inert Higgs doublet model of dark matter. The requirements of tree-level vacuum stability and perturbative unitarity in the scalar sector are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, taking into account the constraints from the 125 GeV Higgs boson measurements at the Large Hadron Collider, we map out the allowed ranges for the fundamental parameters of the scalar potential in the model.

We explore a variational approach to the finite-volume $N$-body problem. The general formalism for $N$ nonrelativistic spinless particles interacting with periodic pairwise potentials yields $N$-body secular equations. The solutions depend on the infinite-volume $N$-body wave functions. Given that the infinite-volume $N$-body dynamics may be solved by the standard Faddeev approach, the variational $N$-body formalism can provide a convenient numerical framework for finding discrete energy spectra in periodic lattice structures.

We construct a general QCD light front formalism to compute many-body color charge correlators in the proton. These form factors can be extracted from deeply inelastic scattering measurements of exclusive final states in analogy to electromagnetic form factors extracted in elastic electron scattering experiments. Particularly noteworthy is the potential to extract a novel odderon form factor, either indirectly from exclusive $J/\mathrm{\Psi }$ measurements or directly from exclusive measurements of the ${\eta }_c$ or tensor mesons at large Bjorken $x$. Besides the intrinsic information conveyed by these color charge correlators on the spatiotemporal tomography at the subfemtoscopic scale at large $x$, the corresponding cumulants extend the domain of validity of McLerran-Venugopalan type weight functionals from small $x$ and large nuclei to nucleons and light nuclei at large $x$, as well as to nonzero momentum transfer. This may significantly reduce nonperturbative systematic uncertainties in the initial conditions for QCD evolution equations at small $x$ and could be of strong relevance for the phenomenology of present and future collider experiments.

We compute the heavy quarkonium mass of $l\ne 0$ (angular momentum) states, with otherwise arbitrary quantum numbers, with next-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (${\mathrm{N}}^3\mathrm{LL}$) accuracy. This constitutes the first observable in heavy quarkonium for which two orders of the weak-coupling expansion sensitive to the ultrasoft scale are known and the resummation of ultrasoft logarithms is made. We also obtain, for the first time, resummed ${\mathrm{N}}^3\mathrm{LL}$ expressions for the different fine and hyperfine energy splittings of these states, which are not sensitive to the ultrasoft scale but still require resummation of (hard) logarithms. We do this analysis for the equal and non-equal mass cases. We also study an alternative computational scheme that treats the static potential exactly. We then perform a comprehensive phenomenological analysis: we apply these results to the $n=2$, $l=1$ bottomonium, $B_c$ and charmonium systems and study their convergence.

We compute the one-loop corrections to $Z$ decay properties from dimension-six operators in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) that contribute also to anomalous 3-gauge boson couplings and examine the relative sensitivity of the two processes to the anomalous couplings. The size of the contributions is of order a few percent, of the same size as Standard Model electroweak corrections. This is part of a program of computing electroweak quantities to one-loop in the SMEFT: these calculations are needed for a future global fit to limit the coefficients of the dimension-six Wilson coefficients consistently at one-loop.

A measurement of the rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of dijet azimuthal decorrelations is presented, using the quantity $R_{\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi }$. The quantity $R_{\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi }$ specifies the fraction of the inclusive dijet events in which the azimuthal opening angle of the two jets with the highest transverse momenta is less than a given value of the parameter $\mathrm{\Delta }{\varphi }_{\max }$. The quantity $R_{\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi }$ is measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8\mathrm{TeV}$ as a function of the dijet rapidity interval, the event total scalar transverse momentum, and $\mathrm{\Delta }{\varphi }_{\max }$. The measurement uses an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $20.2{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Predictions of a perturbative QCD calculation at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling with corrections for nonperturbative effects are compared to the data. The theoretical predictions describe the data in the whole kinematic region. The data are used to determine the strong coupling ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{S}}$ and to study its running for momentum transfers from 260 GeV to above 1.6 TeV. Analysis that combines data at all momentum transfers results in ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{S}}(m_Z)=0.1127_{-0.0027}^{+0.0063}$.