A static black hole with spherical symmetry is obtained and examined in the framework of Einstein-Yang-Mills-dilaton theory. The obtained black hole solution allowed us to derive and investigate entropy, temperature, and heat capacity. To better examine the thermodynamics of the black hole, extended phase space is also used. On this ground, the equation of state is obtained and studied. We also investigate the Gibbs free energy and it is shown that below the critical temperature the system demonstrates phase transitions of the first as well as of the zeroth order, which is a notable feature for other types of dilaton black holes. At the end, critical exponents for the black hole are calculated.

We study the spontaneous scalarization of spherically symmetric, static and asymptotically anti–de Sitter (aAdS) black holes in a scalar-tensor gravity model with nonminimal coupling of the form ${\varphi }^2(\alpha \mathcal{R}+\gamma \mathcal{G})$, where $\alpha$ and $\gamma$ are constants, while $\mathcal{R}$ and $\mathcal{G}$ are the Ricci scalar and Gauss-Bonnet term, respectively. Since these terms act as an effective “mass” for the scalar field, nontrivial values of the scalar field in the black hole space-time are possible for a priori vanishing scalar field mass. In particular, we demonstrate that the scalarization of an aAdS black hole requires the curvature invariant $-(\alpha \mathcal{R}+\gamma \mathcal{G})$ to drop below the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound close to the black hole horizon, while it asymptotes to a value well above the bound. The dimension of the dual operator on the AdS boundary depends on the parameters $\alpha$ and $\gamma$ and we demonstrate that—for fixed operator dimension—the expectation value of this dual operator increases with decreasing temperature of the black hole, i.e., of the dual field theory. When taking backreaction of the space-time into account, we find that the scalarization of the black hole is the dual description of a phase transition in a strongly coupled quantum system, i.e., corresponds to a holographic phase transition. A possible application are liquid-gas quantum phase transitions, e.g., in ${}^4\mathrm{He}$. Finally, we demonstrate that extremal black holes with ${\mathrm{AdS}}_2\times S^2$ near-horizon geometry cannot support regular scalar fields on the horizon in the scalar-tensor model studied here.

We present a unified investigation of memory effect in Einstein-Maxwell theory. We specify two types of memory effect, a velocity kick and a position displacement, by examining the motion of a single free-falling charged test particle. Our result recovers the two known gravitational memory effect formulas and the two known electromagnetic memory effect formulas.

We find that the cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization power spectra measurements from Planck constrain the parameter ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_b{h}^2$ mostly through (i) the amplitude of Thomson scattering and (ii) a factor that ensures Thomson scattering does not violate momentum conservation of the baryon-photon fluid. This allows us to obtain two distinct but comparably strong constraints on ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_b{h}^2$ from the Planck data alone. They are consistent, showing robustness of the Planck ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_b{h}^2$ constraint. We can alternatively rephrase these constraints as (i) the change of the Thomson scattering cross section since recombination is less than $\sim 2\%$ and (ii) momentum during recombination is conserved to better than $\sim 2\%$ by Thomson scattering. Decoupling the eight various ways in which ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_b{h}^2$ affects the Planck data leads to $H_0$ only slightly higher than in the standard analysis, $(68.3\pm 1.6)\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{Mpc}$. The overall consistency of all ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_b{h}^2$ constraints does not suggest any problem with the standard cosmological model.

Measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies on large angular scales have uncovered a number of anomalous features of marginal statistical significance, such as a hemispherical power asymmetry, a lack of power on large angular scales, and features in the power spectrum. Because the primary CMB temperature, the power spectrum has been measured at the cosmic variance limit; determining if these anomalies are hints of new physics as opposed to foregrounds, systematics, or simply statistical flukes requires new observables. In this paper, we highlight the potential contribution that future measurements of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (kSZ) and the polarized Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (pSZ) could make in determining the physical nature of several CMB anomalies. The kSZ and pSZ effects, temperature, and polarization anisotropies induced by scattering from free electrons in the reionized Universe are the dominant blackbody contribution to the CMB on small angular scales. Using the technique of SZ tomography, measurements of kSZ and pSZ effects can be combined with galaxy surveys to reconstruct the remote CMB dipole and quadrupole fields, providing a three-dimensional probe of large scale modes inside our Hubble volume. Building on previous work, we forecast the additional constraining power that these observables might offer for a representative set of anomaly models in the scenario of idealized next-generation CMB experiments and galaxy surveys. We find that the remote CMB dipole and quadrupole can yield constraints on anomalies models significantly beyond what can be done with CMB temperature and polarization on large scales, and comparable to what is possible with a large photometric galaxy survey. The best constraints are obtained from a multitracer analysis including the primary CMB, remote fields and galaxy survey.

Neutrinos are unique probes of core-collapse supernova dynamics, especially in the case of black hole (BH-)forming stellar collapses, where the electromagnetic emission may be faint or absent. By investigating two three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of BH-forming stellar collapses of mass $40M_{\odot }$ and $75M_{\odot }$, we identify the physical processes preceding BH formation through neutrinos and forecast the neutrino signal expected in the existing IceCube and Super-Kamiokande detectors, as well as in the future generation DUNE facility. Prior to the abrupt termination of the neutrino signal corresponding to BH formation, both models develop episodes of strong and long-lasting activity by the spiral standing accretion shock instability (SASI). We find that the spiral SASI peak in the Fourier power spectrum of the neutrino event rate will be distinguishable at $3\sigma$ above the detector noise for distances up to $\sim \mathcal{O}(30)$ kpc in the most optimistic scenario, with IceCube having the highest sensitivity. Interestingly, given the long duration of the spiral SASI episodes, the spectrograms of the expected neutrino event rate carry clear signs of the evolution of the spiral SASI frequency as a function of time, as the shock radius and postshock fluid velocity evolve. Because of the high accretion luminosity and its large-amplitude SASI-induced modulations, any contribution from asymmetric (dipolar or quadrupolar) neutrino emission associated with the lepton emission self-sustained asymmetry is far subdominant in the neutrino signal.

We present a first calculation of the rate for plasmon production in semiconductors from nuclei recoiling against dark matter. The process is analogous to bremsstrahlung of transverse photon modes, but with a longitudinal plasmon mode emitted instead. For dark matter in the 10 MeV—1 GeV mass range, we find that the plasmon bremsstrahlung rate is 4–5 orders of magnitude smaller than that for elastic scattering, but 4–5 orders of magnitude larger than the transverse bremsstrahlung rate. Because the plasmon can decay into electronic excitations and has characteristic energy given by the plasma frequency ${\omega }_p$, with ${\omega }_p\approx 16\mathrm{eV}$ in Si crystals, plasmon production provides a new signature and method to detect nuclear recoils from sub-GeV dark matter.

As known from Einstein’s theory of general relativity, the propagation of light in the presence of a massive object is affected by gravity. In this work, we discuss whether the effect of gravitational light bending can be observed in Earth-based experiments, using high-finesse optical cavities. To do this, we theoretically investigate the dynamics of electromagnetic waves in the spacetime of a homogeneous gravitational field and give an analytical expression for the resulting modifications to Gaussian beam propagation. This theoretical framework is used to calculate the intensity profile at the output of a Fabry-Pérot cavity and to estimate the imprints of Earth’s gravity on the cavity output signal. In particular, we found that gravity causes an asymmetry of the output intensity profile. Based on that, we discuss a measurement scheme, that could be realized in facilities like the GEO600 gravitational wave detector and the AEI 10 m detector prototype.

We study a nonlocal theory that combines both the pseudo quantum electrodynamics (PQED) and Chern-Simons actions among two-dimensional electrons. In the static limit, we conclude that the competition of these two interactions yields a Coulomb potential with a screened electric charge given by $e^2/(1+{\theta }^2)$, where $\theta$ is the dimensionless Chern-Simons parameter. This could be useful for describing the substrate interaction with two-dimensional materials and the doping dependence of the dielectric constant in graphene. In the dynamical limit, we calculate the effective current-current action of the model considering Dirac electrons. We show that this resembles the electromagnetic and statistical interactions, but with two different overall constants, given by $e^2/(1+{\theta }^2)$ and $e^2\theta /(1+{\theta }^2)$. Therefore, the $\theta$-parameter does not provide a topological mass for the gauge field in PQED, which is a relevant difference in comparison with quantum electrodynamics. Thereafter, we apply the one-loop perturbation theory in our model. Within this approach, we calculate the electron self-energy, the electron renormalized mass, the corrected gauge-field propagator, and the renormalized Fermi velocity for both high- and low-speed limits, using the renormalization group. In particular, we obtain a maximum value of the renormalized mass for $\theta \approx 0.36$. This behavior is an important signature of the model and relations with doping control of band gap size are also discussed in the conclusions.

Nonlocality is a key feature of quantum theory and is reflected in the violation of Bell inequalities for entangled systems. The experimental tests beyond the electromagnetism and massless quanta are of great importance for understanding the nonlocality in different quantum interactions. In this work, we develop a generalized Clauser-Horne inequality pertaining especially to the high energy physics processes, which is quantum mechanical intervene free. We find, in the process of pseudoscalar quarkonium exclusive decay to entangled $\mathrm{\Lambda }\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}$ pairs, the inequality could be violated and is verifiable in high energy experiments like BES III or BELLE II.

The MiniBooNE experiment has observed a significant excess of electron neutrinos in a muon neutrino beam, in conflict with standard neutrino oscillations. We discuss the possibility that this excess is explained by a sterile neutrino with a mass $\sim 1\mathrm{keV}$ that decays quickly back into active neutrinos plus a new light boson. This scenario satisfies terrestrial and cosmological constraints because it has neutrino self-interactions built-in. Accommodating also the LSND, reactor, and gallium anomalies is possible, but requires an extension of the model to avoid cosmological limits.

We study soft and collinear gluon emission in squark decays to quark–neutralino pair, at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy in the end-point region, using soft collinear effective theory (SCET), and at next-to-leading (NLO) fixed order in the rest of the phase space. As a phenomenological case study we discuss the impact of radiative corrections on the simultaneous measurements of squark and neutralino masses at a linear $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider based on $\sqrt{s}=3\mathrm{TeV}$ Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), and show the softening of distributions in the sum of energies of the first two hardest jets or in the $M_C$ variable. Since the majority of mass measurement techniques are based on edges in kinematic distributions, and these change appreciably when there is additional QCD radiation in the final state, the knowledge of higher-order QCD effects is required for precise mass determinations.

We propose a new scheme to constrain an exotic spin-dependent interaction between electrons at the nanometer scale. Molecular rulers containing two electron spins and a shape-persistent polymer chain are utilized in the scheme. The distances between electron spins can be tuned by varying the lengths of the polymer chains connecting the two electron spins. With the measurement of the coupling strength between electron spins, improved laboratory bounds of axial-vector mediated interaction are established in the force range from 3 to 200 nm. The upper limit of the coupling $g_A^e{g}_A^e/4\pi \hslash c$ for the force range of 200 nm is $|g_A^e{g}_A^e/4\pi \hslash c|\le 1.0\times {10}^{-12}$, which improves the previous limit on $g_A^e{g}_A^e/4\pi \hslash c$ by 1 order of magnitude.

We develop a covariant model for the ${\gamma }^{*}N\to N(1535)$ transition in the timelike kinematical region, the region where the square momentum transfer $q^2$ is positive. Our starting point is the covariant spectator quark model constrained by data in the spacelike kinematical region ($Q^2=-q^2\ge 0$). The model is used to estimate the contributions of valence quarks to the transition form factors, and one obtains a fair description of the Dirac form factor at intermediate and large $Q^2$. For the Pauli form factor there is evidence that beyond the quark-core contributions there are also significant contributions of meson cloud effects. Combining the quark-core model with an effective description of the meson cloud effects, we derive a parametrization of the spacelike data that can be extended covariantly to the timelike region. This extension enabled us to estimate the Dalitz decay widths of the $N(1535)$ resonance, among other observables. Our calculations can help in the interpretation of the present experiments at HADES ($pp$ collisions and others).

Precision background predictions with well-defined uncertainty estimates are important for interpreting collider-physics measurements and for planning future high-energy collider experiments. It is especially important to estimate the perturbative uncertainties in predictions of inclusive measurements of jet observables, that are designed to be largely insensitive to non-perturbative effects such as the structure of beam remnants, multiparton scattering, or hadronization. In this study, we discuss possible pitfalls in defining the perturbative uncertainty of unitarized next-to-leading order (NLO) multijet merged predictions, using the pythia event generator as our vehicle. For this purpose, we consider different choices of unitarized NLO merging schemes as well as consistent variations of renormalization scales in different parts of the calculation. Such a combined discussion allows to rank the contribution of scale variations to the error budget in comparison to other contributions due to algorithmic choices that are often assumed fixed. The scale uncertainty bands of different merging schemes largely overlap, but differences between the “central” predictions in different schemes can remain comparable to scale uncertainties even for very well-separated jets, or be larger than scale uncertainties in transition regions between calculations of different jet multiplicity. The availability of these variations within pythia will enable more systematic studies of perturbative uncertainties in precision background calculations in the future.

How many charged degrees of freedom are necessary to accommodate a certain amount of ’t Hooft anomaly? Using the conformal bootstrap for the four-point function of flavor current multiplets, we show that in all $(3+1)\mathrm{D}$ superconformal field theories the ’t Hooft anomaly of a continuous flavor symmetry is bounded from above by the $3/2$ power of the current two-point function coefficient, which can be thought of as a measure for the amount of charged degrees of freedom. We check our bounds against free fields and supersymmetric quantum chromodynamics in the conformal window.

Quasiuniversal relations between the tidal deformability and the quadrupole moment of neutron stars are predicted by theoretical computations, but have not been measured experimentally. We simulate 120 binary neutron star sources and find that Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo at design sensitivity could find possible deviations from predicted relations if the neutron stars are highly spinning. A network of envisaged third generation detectors will even allow extracting such relations, providing new tests of general relativity and nuclear physics predictions.

Atom interferometers (AIs) on earth and in space offer good capabilities for measuring gravitational waves (GWs) in the midfrequency deciHz band, complementing the sensitivities of the LIGO/Virgo and LISA experiments and enabling probes of possible modifications of the general relativity predictions for GW propagation. We illustrate these capabilities using the projected sensitivities of the AION (terrestrial) and AEDGE (space-based) AI projects, showing that AION could improve the present LIGO/Virgo direct limit on the graviton mass by a factor $\sim 40$ to $\simeq {10}^{-24}\mathrm{eV}$, and AEDGE could improve the limit by another order of magnitude. AION and AEDGE will also have greater sensitivity than LIGO to some scenarios for Lorentz violation.