A dynamical model is applied to the study of the pion valence light-front (LF) wave function, obtained from the actual solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation in Minkowski space, resorting to the Nakanishi integral representation. The kernel is simplified to a ladder approximation containing constituent quarks, an effective massive gluon exchange, and the scale of the extended quark-gluon interaction vertex. These three input parameters carry the infrared scale ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{\mathrm{QCD}}$ and are fine-tuned to reproduce the pion weak decay constant, within a range suggested by lattice calculations. Besides $f_{\pi }$, we present and discuss other interesting quantities on the null-plane like (i) the valence probability, (ii) the dynamical functions depending upon the longitudinal or the transverse components of the LF momentum, represented by LF-momentum distributions and distribution amplitudes, and (iii) the probability densities both in the LF-momentum space and the 3D space given by the Cartesian product of the covariant Ioffe-time and transverse coordinates, in order to perform an analysis of the dynamical features in a complementary way. The proposed analysis of the Minkowskian dynamics inside the pion, though carried out at the initial stage, qualifies the Nakanishi integral representation as an appealing effective tool, with still unexplored potentialities to be exploited for addressing correlations between dynamics and observable properties.

We use a color-magnetic interaction model (CMIM), a traditional constituent quark model and a multiquark color flux-tube model to systematically investigate the properties of the states $[Q_1{Q}_2][{\overline{Q}}_3{\overline{Q}}_4]$ ($Q=c$, $b$). The dynamical investigation indicates that the CMIM can not completely absorb QCD dynamical effects through the effective constituent quark mass and overestimates the color-magnetic interaction in the states under the assumption of the same spatial configurations. The Coulomb interaction plays a critical role in the dynamical model calculations on the heavy hadrons, which induces the fact that none of bound states $[Q_1{Q}_2][{\overline{Q}}_3{\overline{Q}}_4]$ can be found in the dynamical models. The color configuration ${[[Q_1{Q}_2{]}_{{\mathbf{6}}_c}[{\overline{Q}}_3{\overline{Q}}_4{]}_{{\overline{\mathbf{6}}}_c}]}_{\mathbf{1}}$ should be taken seriously in the ground states due to the strong Coulomb attraction between the $[Q_1{Q}_2{]}_{{\mathbf{6}}_c}$ and $[{\overline{Q}}_3{\overline{Q}}_4{]}_{{\overline{\mathbf{6}}}_c}$. The color configuration ${[[Q_1{Q}_2{]}_{{\overline{\mathbf{3}}}_c}[{\overline{Q}}_2{\overline{Q}}_4{]}_{{\mathbf{3}}_c}]}_{\mathbf{1}}$ is absolutely dominant in the excited states because of the strong Coulomb attraction within the $[Q_1{Q}_2{]}_{{\overline{\mathbf{3}}}_c}$ and $[{\overline{Q}}_2{\overline{Q}}_4{]}_{{\mathbf{3}}_c}$. The $J/\mathrm{\Psi }$-pair resonances recently observed by LHCb are difficult to be accommodated in the CMIM. The broad structure ranging from 6.2 to 6.8 GeV can be described as the ground tetraquark state $[cc][\overline{c}\overline{c}]$ in the various dynamical models. The narrow structure $X(6900)$ can be identified as the excited state $[cc][\overline{c}\overline{c}]$ with $L=1$ ($L=2$) in the constituent quark model (color flux-tube model).

We evaluate the electric dipole moment of charged leptons in the standard model, where the complex phase of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix is the only source of $CP$ violation. We first prove that, at the quark-gluon level, it is suppressed by a factor of $m_b^2{m}_c^2{m}_s^2$ at all orders of perturbation due to the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani mechanism. We then calculate the hadronic long distance contribution generated by vector mesons at one-loop level. The $|\mathrm{\Delta }S|=1$ weak hadronic interaction is derived using the factorization, and the strong interaction is modeled by the hidden local symmetry framework. We find that the electric dipole moments of charged leptons obtained from this hadronic mechanism are much larger than the perturbative four-loop level quark-gluon process, by several orders of magnitude.

We report on the $W$ and $Z/{\gamma }^{*}$ differential and total cross sections as well as the $W^{+}/W^{-}$ and $(W^{+}+W^{-})/(Z/{\gamma }^{*})$ cross section ratios measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=500\mathrm{GeV}$ and 510 GeV. The cross sections and their ratios are sensitive to quark and antiquark parton distribution functions. In particular, at leading order, the $W$ cross section ratio is sensitive to the $\overline{d}/\overline{u}$ ratio. These measurements were taken at high $Q^2\sim M_W^2,M_Z^2$ and can serve as input into global analyses to provide constraints on the sea quark distributions. The results presented here combine three STAR datasets from 2011, 2012, and 2013, accumulating an integrated luminosity of $350{\mathrm{pb}}^{-1}$. We also assess the expected impact that our $W^{+}/W^{-}$ cross section ratios will have on various quark distributions, and find sensitivity to the $\overline{u}-\overline{d}$ and $\overline{d}/\overline{u}$ distributions.

Using the guage/gravity correspondence, we study the free energy, entropy, binding energy, and internal energy of a heavy quarkonium in the rotating quark-gluon plasma (QGP). First, we extend the static black hole with planar horizon to the spinning case, which is dual to the rotating matter. Subsequently, we use the Wilson loop to get the free energy of heavy quarkonium. Entropy, binding energy, and internal energy are naturally given by the thermodynamic relationship. It is found that angular velocity will suppress the dissociation temperature of heavy quarkonium and change the system from confined to deconfined phase with the increase of angular velocity. Thus, the heavy quarkonium will dissolve at a certain separating distance in the deconfined phase. We also compare these thermodynamic quantities of the quark-antiquark pair in the direction parallel and transverse to the rotation direction. At last, the free energy, entropy, and internal energy of a single quark are discussed. It is found that these quantities are decreasing functions of temperature.

We consider minimal supergravity on a ($2+1$)-dimensional de Sitter background. We fix the falloff conditions for gravitini fields in order to fix the asymptotic phase space. Using the Chern-Simons formulation, we then derive the asymptotic symmetry algebra for this theory. The falloff conditions impose constraints on the phase space which reduces the Chern-Simons theory to a Wess-Zumino-Witten model. Further constraints reduce it to a super-Liouville theory at the boundary. This can be treated as a classical dual for the supergravity theory in the bulk.

A method is given to compute the stress-energy tensor for a massless minimally coupled scalar field in a spacetime where a black hole forms from the collapse of a spherically symmetric null shell in four dimensions. Part of the method involves matching the modes for the in vacuum state to a complete set of modes in Schwarzschild spacetime. The other part involves subtracting from the unrenormalized expression for the stress-energy tensor when the field is in the in vacuum state, the corresponding expression when the field is in the Unruh state and adding to this the renormalized stress-energy tensor for the field in the Unruh state. The method is shown to work in the two-dimensional case where the results are known.

In contrast to five-dimensional Schwarzschild-Tangherlini and Myers-Perry backgrounds, we show that there are stable bound orbits of massive and massless particles in five-dimensional black lens backgrounds, in particular, the supersymmetric black lens with $L(2,1)$ and $L(3,1)$ topologies. We also show that in the zero-energy limit of massless particles, there exist stable circular orbits on the evanescent ergosurfaces.

In this paper we study the dynamics of neutral, electrically charged and magnetized particles around deformed electrically and magnetically charged Reissner-Nordström black holes. For the neutral test particles motion, it is shown that the radius of the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs) decrease with the increase in both the black hole charge and positive spacetime deformation. It reaches up to $3.85M$ at the value of deformation parameter $\epsilon =20.45$ in Schwarzschild spacetime case ($Q=0$). In the extreme charged Reissner–Nordstrom black hole case, the ISCO decreases up to $2.26M$ at the value of deformation parameter $\epsilon =6.17$. Moreover, the negative deformation results in an increase in the ISCO radius. Comparing effects of positive deformation and the Reissner-Nordström black hole charge with spin of rotating Kerr black holes, it is shown that the extremely charged Reissner-Nordström black hole can mimic rotating Kerr black hole up to the spin parameter $a/M=0.48$, while for the positive deformation with $\epsilon =6.17$ the mimic value increases up to $a/M=0.88$ implying that the supermassive black hole M87 cannot be considered as Reissner-Nordström black hole. Using this comparison, we estimate charge of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* as $Q/M\simeq 0.8287$ without deformation which can mimic the spin of the black hole. When the deformation $\epsilon =1$, the mimic charge increases up to $Q/M\simeq 0.8926$. Our study of the energy extraction from the accretion disk shows that the maximum energy efficiency increases up to 20.02%, which is almost the same for extreme Kerr black hole case (20.6%). We have also considered the behaviour of ISCO of electrically charged particles showing that the attractive (repulsive) electrostatic interactions cause rapid increase (slightly decrease) of the ISCO radius. Finally, we have explored the dynamics of magnetized particles around deformed magnetically charged Reissner-Nordström black hole. By treating the magnetar PSR J1745-2900, orbiting the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* as a magnetized particle, showing that the magnetic charge of pure Reissner-Nordström black hole can mimic spin of a rotating Kerr black hole up to $a/M\simeq 0.82$ for the value to be in the range $Q_m/M\in (0,0.692)$. Moreover, we find that the positive values of the deformation parameter lead to shift the ISCO for the magnetized particles toward the central object.

One major goal of upcoming large-scale-structure surveys is to constrain dark energy and modified gravity theories. In particular, galaxy clustering and gravitational lensing convergence are probes sensitive to modifications of general relativity. While the standard analysis for these surveys typically includes power spectra or 2-point correlation functions, it is known that the bispectrum contains additional information that could offer improved constraints on parameters when combined with the power spectra. However, the use of bispectra has been limited so far to one single probe, e.g., the lensing convergence bispectrum or the galaxy bispectrum. In this paper, we extend the formalism to explore the power of cross-bispectra between different probes, and exploit their ability to break parameter degeneracies and improve constraints. We study this on a test case of lensing convergence and galaxy density auto- and cross-bispectra, for a particular subclass of Horndeski theories parametrized by the running of the Planck mass $c_M$ and the braiding parameter $c_B$. Using the $2000{\mathrm{deg}}^2$ notional survey of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope with overlapping photometry from the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time, we find that a joint power spectra and bispectra analysis with three redshift bins at $l_{\max }=1000$ yields ${\sigma }_{c_M}=1.0$ and ${\sigma }_{c_B}=0.3$, both a factor of $\sim 1.2$ better than the power spectra results; this would be further improved to ${\sigma }_{c_M}=0.7$ and ${\sigma }_{c_B}=0.2$ if $l_{\max }=3000$ is taken. Furthermore, we find that using all possible cross-bispectra between the two probes in different tomographic bins improves upon auto-bispectra results by a factor of 1.3 in ${\sigma }_{c_M}$, 1.1 in ${\sigma }_{c_B}$, and 1.3 in ${\sigma }_{{\mathrm{\Omega }}_m}$. We expect that similar benefits of using cross-bispectra between probes could apply to other science cases and surveys.

We consider the mimetic tachyon model in the Lagrange multiplier approach. We study both the linear and nonlinear perturbations and find the perturbation and non-Gaussianity parameters in this setup. By adopting two types of the scale factor as the power-law ($a=a_0{t}^n$) and intermediate ($a=a_0\exp (b{t}^{\beta })$) scale factors, we perform a numerical analysis on the model which is based on Planck2018 TT, TE, EE+lowE+lensing +BAO +BK14 and Planck2018 TTT, EEE, TTE and EET datasets. We show that the mimetic tachyon model with both the power-law and intermediate scale factors, in some ranges of its parameter space is instabilities-free and observationally viable. The power-law mimetic tachyon model with $26.3<n<33.0$ and the intermediate mimetic tachyon model with $0.116<\beta <0.130$ are consistent with observational data and free of the ghost and gradient instabilities.

We study Wigner equations for massless spin-$1/2$ charged fermions at global equilibrium in static and uniform vorticity and electromagnetic fields. The Wigner functions can be solved order by order from Wigner equations through the power expansion of the vorticity and electromagnetic fields. The nondissipative charge currents and the stress tensor up to the second order can be obtained from Wigner functions. The charge and energy densities and the pressure have contributions from vorticity and electromagnetic fields at the second order. The vector and axial Hall currents can be induced along the direction orthogonal to vorticity and electromagnetic fields at the second order. We also find that the trace anomaly emerges naturally in renormalization of the stress tensor by including quantum corrections from electromagnetic fields.

We investigate how to include bound states in a thermal gas in the context of quantum field theory (QFT). To this end, we use for definiteness a scalar QFT with a ${\phi }^4$ interaction, where the field $\phi$ represents a particle with mass $m$. A bound state of the $\phi \text{−}\phi$ type is created when the coupling constant is negative and its modulus is larger than a certain critical value. We investigate the contribution of this bound state to the pressure of the thermal gas of the system by using the $S$-matrix formalism involving the derivative of the phase-shift scattering. Our analysis, which is based on an unitarized one-loop resumed approach which renders the theory finite and well defined for each value of the coupling constant, leads to the following main results: (i) We generalize the phase-shift formula in order to take into account within a unique formal approach the two-particle interaction as well as the bound state (if existent). (ii) On the one hand, the number density of the bound state in the system at a certain temperature $T$ is obtained by the standard thermal integral; this is the case for any binding energy, even if it is much smaller than the temperature of the thermal gas. (iii) On the other hand, the contribution of the bound state to the total pressure is partly—but not completely—canceled by the two-particle interaction contribution to the pressure. (iv) The pressure as a function of the coupling constant is continuous also at the critical coupling for the bound state formation: the jump in pressure due to the sudden appearance of the bound state is exactly canceled by an analogous jump (but with opposite sign) of the interaction contribution to the pressure.

We study the thermodynamic curvature $R$ around the chiral phase transition at finite temperature and chemical potential, within the quark-meson model augmented with meson fluctuations. We study the effect of the fluctuations, pions and $\sigma$ meson, on the top of the mean field thermodynamics and how these affect $R$ around the crossover. We find that for small chemical potential the fluctuations enhance the magnitude of $R$, while they do not affect substantially the thermodynamic geometry in proximity of the critical end point. Moreover, in agreement with previous studies we find that $R$ changes sign in the pseudocritical region, suggesting a change of the nature of interactions at the mesoscopic level from statistically repulsive to attractive. Finally, we find that in the critical region around the critical end point $|R|$ scales with the correlation volume, $|R|=K{\xi }^3$ with $K=O(1)$, as expected from hyperscaling; far from the critical end point the correspondence between $|R|$ and the correlation volume is not as good as the one we have found at large $\mu$, which is not surprising because at small $\mu$ the chiral crossover is quite smooth; nevertheless, we have found that $R$ develops a characteristic groove structure, suggesting that it is still capable to capture the pseudocritical behavior of the condensate.

Contact interactions of a muon, an electron and two photons can contribute to the decay $\mu \to e\gamma \gamma$, but also to the conversion of a muon into an electron in the electric field of a nucleus. We calculate the $\mu \to e$ conversion rate, and show that for the coefficients of operators involving the combination $FF\propto |\overrightarrow{E}{|}^2$ (as opposed to $F\tilde{F}\propto \overrightarrow{E}·\overrightarrow{B}$), the current bound on $\mu \to e$ conversion is more sensitive than the bound on $\mu \to e\gamma \gamma$.

We present the first complete two loop calculation of the electron EDM in the complex two-Higgs doublet model. We confirm gauge independence by demonstrating analytic cancellation of the gauge parameter $\xi$ in the background field gauge and the ’t Hooft $R_{\xi }$ gauge. We also investigate the behavior of the electron EDM near the decoupling limit and determine the short- and long-distance contributions by matching onto an effective field theory. Compared with earlier studies of the electron EDM in the complex two-Higgs doublet model, we note disagreements in several places and provide diagnoses where possible. We also provide expressions for EDMs of light quarks.

We study an extension of the scotogenic model with a real singlet scalar. It gives an origin of the mass of right-handed neutrinos and plays a role of inflaton through a nonminimal coupling with Ricci scalar. While an inert doublet scalar is an indispensable ingredient for neutrino mass generation in the model, it is also a promising dark matter (DM) candidate. Introduction of the singlet scalar could affect its nature of DM if mass of the singlet scalar is in a resonance region. We focus our study on such a case where inflaton mass is expected to be in a TeV range and reheating temperature is less than ${10}^9\mathrm{GeV}$. Thus the model requires low scale leptogenesis. After examining several effects brought about by the singlet scalar for the DM sector, we discuss DM phenomenology such as high energy neutrinos and monochromatic gammas caused by its annihilation.

The dynamics of multikaon systems are of relevance for several areas of nuclear physics. However, even the simplest systems, two and three kaons, are hard to prepare and study experimentally. Here we show how to extract this information using first-principle lattice QCD results. We (i) extend the relativistic three-body quantization condition to the strangeness sector, predicting for the first time the excited level finite-volume spectrum of three-kaon systems at maximal isospin and (ii) present a first lattice QCD calculation of the excited levels of this system in a finite box. We compare our predictions with the lattice results reported here and with previous ground state calculations and find very good agreement.

Different decompositions (sum rules) for the proton mass have been proposed in the literature. All of them are related to the energy-momentum tensor in quantum chromodynamics. We review and revisit these decompositions by paying special attention to recent developments with regard to the renormalization of the energy-momentum tensor. The connection between the sum rules is discussed as well. We present numerical results for the various terms of the mass decompositions up to three loops in the strong coupling, and consider their scheme dependence. We also elaborate on the role played by the trace anomaly and the sigma terms.

We study the effect of loop corrections to conformal correlators on the celestial sphere at null infinity. We first analyze finite one-loop celestial amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills theory and Einstein gravity. We then turn to our main focus: infrared divergent loop amplitudes in planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super–Yang-Mills theory. We compute the celestial one-loop amplitude in dimensional regularization and show that it can be recast as an operator acting on the celestial tree-level amplitude. This extends to any loop order, and the resummation of all planar loops enables us to write down an expression for the all-loop celestial amplitude. Finally, we show that the exponentiated all-loop expression given by the Bern-Dixon-Smirnov (BDS) formula gets promoted on the celestial sphere to an operator acting on the tree-level conformal correlation function, thus yielding, the celestial BDS formula.