The first observations of $B^0\to {\overline{D}}^{*}(2007{)}^0{K}^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $B_s^0\to {\overline{D}}^{*}(2007{)}^0{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decays are presented, and their branching fractions relative to that of the $B^0\to {\overline{D}}^{*}(2007{)}^0{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decay are reported. These modes can potentially be used to investigate the spectroscopy of charm and charm-strange resonances and to determine the angle $\gamma$ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity triangle. It is also important to understand them as a source of potential background in determinations of $\gamma$ from $B^{+}\to D{K}^{+}$ and $B^0\to D{K}^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays. The analysis is based on a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at 13 TeV center-of-mass energy recorded with the LHCb detector. The ${\overline{D}}^{*}(2007{)}^0$ mesons are fully reconstructed in the ${\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^0$ and ${\overline{D}}^0\gamma$ channels with the ${\overline{D}}^0\to K^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decay. A novel weighting method is used to subtract background while simultaneously applying an event-by-event efficiency correction to account for resonant structures in the decays.

We establish a relation between entanglement in simple quantum mechanical qubit systems and in wormhole physics as considered in the context of the $\mathrm{AdS}/\mathrm{CFT}$ correspondence. We show that in both cases, states with the same entanglement structure, indistinguishable by any local measurement, nevertheless are characterized by a different Berry phase. This feature is experimentally accessible in coupled qubit systems where states with different Berry phase are related by unitary transformations. In the wormhole case, these transformations are identified with a time evolution of one of the two throats.

A search for invisible decays of the $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ baryon is carried out in the process $J/\psi \to \mathrm{\Lambda }\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}$ based on $(1.0087\pm 0.0044)\times {10}^{10}J/\psi$ events collected with the BESIII detector located at the BEPCII storage ring. No signals are found for the invisible decays of $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ baryon, and the upper limit of the branching fraction is determined to be $7.4\times {10}^{-5}$ at the 90% confidence level. This is the first search for invisible decays of baryons; such searches will play an important role in constraining dark sector models related to the baryon asymmetry.

We construct black string solutions in type IIA supergravity arising from intersecting D2-D4-D6-NS5 branes in the presence of fractional D4-branes. The fractional D4-branes arise from D6-branes wrapping (collapsing) two-cycles in a Calabi–Yau twofold. In the near horizon limit these solutions give rise to ${\mathrm{AdS}}_3$ geometries preserving $\mathcal{N}=(0,4)$ supersymmetry and fall within the recent classification of [J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2020) 129]. We interpret our solutions as describing chains of black strings stacked on top of each other along an interval. We construct 2d quiver CFTs dual to our solutions that reproduce the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy microscopically.

We analyze the effect induced on standard quantum field theory (in a functional approach) by quantum gravity corrections to a pure classical background. In the framework of the Kuchař and Torre proposal for a gravity-matter theory constrained to a Gaussian reference frame, materialized as a fluid in the system evolution, we consider a Born-Oppenheimer separation of the system, regarding the gravity degrees of freedom as the slow varying component and the matter plus the Gaussian fluid as fast quantum coordinates. The slow gravity component obeys the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, and we consider a Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin expansion of its quantum dynamics via a Planckian parameter. The main issue of the proposed scenario is that, on one hand, we recover a modified quantum field theory in the presence of a Hermitian Hamiltonian (not affected by nonunitarity as in other approaches) and, on the other hand, we get the Gaussian fluid as a physical clock for such an amended quantum theory (verifying the correct energy conditions). We also show its equivalence with the kinematical action method, used in a previous work, in the homogeneous setting. Then, we implement the proposed paradigm to describe the dynamics of a homogeneous free massless scalar field, living on an isotropic universe, in the presence of a cosmological constant. We completely solve the dynamics up to the first order correction in the Planckian parameter to the standard quantum field theory. We determine the explicit form of the modified scalar field wave function, due to quantum features of the cosmic scale factor evolution. Phenomenological considerations and discussions are provided.

We investigate mixed state entanglement measures of entanglement negativity and reflected entropy for bipartite states in two dimensional conformal field theories with an anomaly through appropriate replica techniques. Furthermore we propose holographic constructions for these measures from the corresponding bulk dual geometries involving topologically massive gravity in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_3$ and find exact agreement with the field theory results. In this connection we extend an earlier holographic proposal for the entanglement negativity to the bulk action with a gravitational Chern-Simons term and compute its contribution to the entanglement wedge cross section dual to the reflected entropy.

In this work we study nonperturbatively the transmission of classical and quantum information in globally hyperbolic spacetimes, where the communication channel is between two qubit detectors interacting with a quantized massless scalar field via delta-coupling interaction. This interaction approximates very rapid detector-field interaction, effectively occurring at a single instant in time for each detector. We show that when both detectors interact via delta-coupling, one can arrange and tune the detectors so that the channel capacity is (at least) as good as the quantum channel constructed nonperturbatively using gapless detectors by Landulfo [Phys. Rev. D 93, 104019 (2016) ]. Furthermore, we prove that this channel capacity is in fact optimal, i.e., both nonperturbative methods give essentially the same channel capacity; thus there is a sense in which the two methods can be regarded as equivalent as far as relativistic quantum communication is concerned.

It was recently demonstrated that super-Schwarzian derivatives can be constructed from the Cartan forms of the superconformal supergroups $OSp(1|2)$, $SU(1,1|1)$, $OSp(3|2)$, $SU(1,1|2)$. Roughly speaking, the super-Schwarzian is just the component of the corresponding Cartan forms with the lowest dimension. In this paper, we apply the same approach to superalgebra $D(1,2;\alpha )$. The minimal set of constraints we used includes: (a) introducing new superspace coordinates the Cartan forms depend on, which are completely invariant with respect to the corresponding group; (b) nullifying the form for dilatation. In contrast to the $SU(1,1|2)$ case, the new super-Schwarzian appears to be a $d{\theta }^{ia}$ component of the form for $su(2)$ automorphism.

We compute the linear metric perturbation to a Schwarzschild black hole generated by a spinning compact object, specializing to circular equatorial orbits with an (anti-)aligned spin vector. We derive a two-timescale expansion of the field equations, with an attendant waveform-generation framework, that includes all effects through first postadiabatic order, and we use the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli formalism in the frequency domain to generate waveforms that include the complete effect of the spin on the waveform phase. We perform the calculations using expansions at fixed orbital frequency, increasing the computational efficiency, and simplifying the procedure compared to previous approaches. Finally, we provide the first fully relativistic, first-principles regularization procedure for gauge invariant self-force quantities to linear order in spin. We use this procedure to produce the first strong-field, conservative self-force calculation including the spin of the secondary—computing Detweiler’s redshift invariant.

By treating the order parameter as a stochastic thermal fluctuating variable for small-large black hole phase transition, we investigate the kinetic process of phase transition for the Kerr-AdS (anti–de Sitter) black holes on free energy landscape. We find that the extremal points of the off shell Gibbs free energy correspond to physical black holes. For small-large black hole phase transition, the off shell Gibbs free energy exhibits a double well behavior with the same depth. Contrary to previous research for the kinetics of phase transition for the Kerr-Newman-AdS family black holes on a free energy landscape, we find that there is a lower bound for the order parameter and the lower bound corresponds to extremal black holes. In particular, the off shell Gibbs free energy is zero instead of divergent as previous work suggested for vanishing black hole horizon radius, which corresponds to the Gibbs free energy of a thermal AdS space. The investigation for the evolution of the probability distribution for the phase transition indicates that the initial stable small (large) black hole tends to switch to stable large (small) black hole. Increasing the temperature along the coexistence curve, the switching process becomes faster and the probability distribution reaches the final stationary Boltzmann distribution at a shorter time. The distribution of the first passage time indicates the time scale of the small-large black hole phase transition, and the peak of the distribution becomes sharper and shifts to the left with the increase of temperature along the coexistence curve. This suggests that a considerable first passage process occurs at a shorter time for higher temperature. The investigation of the kinetics of phase transition might provide us new insight into the underlying microscopic interactions.

General relativity dynamics can be derived from different actions—which depart from the Einstein-Hilbert action in boundary terms—and for different choices of the dynamical variables. Among them, the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity is a torsion-based theory for the tetrad field. More general torsion-based theories have been built in the last years, intending to supersede general relativity. There are two current ways to formulate such theories; one includes a spin connection and the other does not. We discuss the notion of Lorentz gauge invariance in such theories, and give a simple but important proof that both formulations are physically equivalent.

In the description of the relativistic two-body interaction, together with the effects of energy and angular momentum losses due to the emission of gravitational radiation, one has to take into account also the loss of linear momentum, which is responsible for the recoil of the center-of-mass of the system. We compute higher-order tail (i.e., tail-of-tail and tail-squared) contributions to the linear momentum flux for a nonspinning binary system either along hyperboliclike or ellipticlike orbits. The corresponding orbital averages are evaluated at their leading post-Newtonian approximation, using harmonic coordinates and working in the Fourier domain. The final expressions are given in a large-eccentricity (or large-angular momentum) expansion along hyperboliclike orbits and in a small-eccentricity expansion along ellipticlike orbits. We thus complete a previous analysis focusing on both energy and angular momentum losses [Phys. Rev. D 104, 104020 (2021)], providing brick-type results which will be useful, e.g., in the high-accurate determination of the radiated impulses of the two bodies undergoing a scattering process.

We observationally examine cosmological models based on primordial power spectra with quantized wave vectors. Introducing a linearly quantized power spectrum with $k_0=3.225\times {10}^{-4}{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$ and spacing $\mathrm{\Delta }k=2.257\times {10}^{-4}{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$ provides a better fit to the Planck 2018 observations than the concordance baseline, with $\mathrm{\Delta }{\chi }^2=-8.55$. Extending the results of Lasenby et al. [preceding paper, Perturbations and the future conformal boundary, Phys. Rev. D 105, 083514 (2022)], we show that the requirement for perturbations to remain finite beyond the future conformal boundary in a universe containing dark matter and a cosmological constant results in a linearly quantized primordial power spectrum. It is found that the infrared cutoffs for this future conformal boundary quantized cosmology do not provide cosmic microwave background power spectra compatible with observations, but future theories may predict more observationally consistent quantized spectra.

The concordance model of cosmology predicts a universe which finishes in a finite amount of conformal time at a future conformal boundary. We show that for particular cases we study, the background variables and perturbations may be analytically continued beyond this boundary and that the “end of the universe” is not necessarily the end of their physical development. Remarkably, these theoretical considerations of the end of the universe might have observable consequences today: perturbation modes consistent with these boundary conditions have a quantized power spectrum which may be relevant to features seen in the large scale cosmic microwave background. Mathematically these cosmological models may either be interpreted as a palindromic universe mirrored in time, a reflecting boundary condition, or a double cover, but are identical with respect to their observational predictions and stand in contrast to the predictions of conformal cyclic cosmologies.

The hot and dense early Universe combined with the promise of high-precision cosmological observations provide an intriguing laboratory for beyond Standard Model physics. We simulate the early Universe to examine the effects of the decay of thermally populated sterile neutrino states into Standard Model products around the time of weak decoupling. These decays deposit a significant amount of entropy into the plasma as well as produce a population of high-energy out-of-equilibrium active neutrinos. As a result, we can constrain these models by their inferred value of $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom. In this work, we explore a variety of models with $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ values consistent with cosmic microwave background observations, but with vastly different active neutrino spectra which will challenge the standard cosmological model, affect lepton capture rates on free nucleons, and may significantly affect big bang nucleosynthesis.

The hunt for dark matter remains one of the principal objectives of modern physics and cosmology. Searches for dark matter in the form of axions are proposed or underway across a range of experimental collaborations. As we look to the next generation of detectors, a natural question to ask is whether there are new experimental designs waiting to be discovered and how we might find them. Here we take a new approach to the experimental design procedure by using gradient descent techniques to search for optimal detector designs. We provide a proof of principle for this technique by searching 1D detectors varying the bulk properties of the detector until the optimal detector design is obtained. Remarkably, we find the detector is capable of outperforming a human designed experiment on which the search was initiated. This opens the door to further gradient descent searches of more complex 2D and 3D designs across a wider variety of materials and boundary geometries of the detector. There is also an opportunity to use more sophisticated gradient descent algorithms to complete a more exhaustive scan of the landscape of designs.

To investigate the fundamental nature of matter and its interactions, particles are accelerated to very high energies and collided inside detectors, producing a multitude of other particles that are scattered in all directions. As charged particles traverse the detector, they leave signals of their passage. The problem of track reconstruction is to recover the original trajectories from these signals. This challenging data analysis task will become even more demanding as the luminosity of future accelerators increases, leading to collision events with a more complex structure. We identify four fundamental routines present in every local tracking method and analyze how they scale in the context of a standard tracking algorithm. We show that for some of these routines we can reach a lower computational complexity with quantum search algorithms. Although the found quantum speedups are mild, this constitutes, to the best of our knowledge, the first rigorous evidence of a quantum advantage for a high-energy physics data processing task.

We consider the possibility that Dirac neutrino masses may be a manifestation of chiral symmetry breaking via nonperturbative QCD dynamics. The key role played by light quarks in this mechanism can naturally lead to signals that are accessible to hadron colliders. Bounds from charged meson decays imply a dominant effect from the strange quark condensate. We propose a model for Dirac neutrino mass generation with an extra Higgs doublet at the TeV scale and significant coupling to strange quarks and leptons. Current data on $D-\overline{D}$ mixing constrain the allowed parameter space of the model, and a 100 TeV $pp$ collider would either discover or largely exclude it. A distinct feature of this scenario is that measurements of the charged Higgs leptonic branching ratios can distinguish between “normal” and “inverted” neutrino mass hierarchies, complementing future determinations at neutrino oscillation experiments.