We argue that the 21-cm global signal can be a powerful probe of isocurvature perturbations, particularly for the ones with blue-tilted spectra. Although the 21-cm global signal is much affected by astrophysical processes, which give some uncertainties when cosmological models are investigated, recent results from HERA have constrained several astrophysical parameters, whose information can reduce the ambiguities originating from astrophysics. We show that the size and spectral tilt of isocurvature perturbations can be well inferred from the 21-cm global signal once the information on astrophysics from the HERA results is taken into account.

We present models that simultaneously predict the presence of dark energy and cold dark matter along with slow-roll inflation. The dark energy density is found to be of order $(\text{a few meV}{)}^4$, and the mass of dark matter constituent is $\approx 1\mathrm{meV}$. These numbers are given in terms of the present value of Hubble constant $H_0$ and the Plank energy $M_{\mathrm{P}}=1/\sqrt{16\pi G_N}$: they are $(H_0{M}_{\mathrm{P}}{)}^2$ for the dark energy density and $(H_0{M}_{\mathrm{P}}{)}^{1/2}$ for the dark matter constituent mass. The basic theoretical framework we work in is a multiscalar tensor gravity with nontrivial conformal coupling to the Ricci scalar curvature in the Lagrangian density. The key for a right amount of dark energy is to incorporate in a novel way the spatially homogeneous kinetic contribution of Nambu-Goldstone modes in a spontaneously broken multiscalar field sector. Proposed theories are made consistent with general relativity tests at small cosmological distances, yet are different from general relativity at cosmological scales. Dark matter is generated as a spatially inhomogeneous component of the scalar system, with a roughly comparable amount to the dark energy. In some presented models a cosmological bifurcation of symmetry breaking of the scalar sector is triggered by the spontaneous breaking of electroweak $\mathrm{SU}(2)\times \mathrm{U}(1)$ gauge symmetry, hence the separation occurring simultaneously at the electroweak phase transition. The best experimental method to test presented models is to search for the fifth-force type of scalar exchange interaction with a force range, $O({10}^{-2})\mathrm{cm}$, whose coupling to matter is basically of gravitational strength.

In this paper, we implement the adaptive moving mesh method (AMM) to the solution of initial value problems involving the Schrödinger equation, and more specifically the Schrödinger-Poisson system of equations. This method is based on the solution of the problem on a discrete domain, whose resolution is coordinate and time-dependent, and allows us to dynamically assign numerical resolution in terms of desired refinement criteria. We apply the method to solve various test problems involving stationary solutions of the SP system, and toy scenarios related to the disruption of subhalo s made of ultralight bosonic dark matter traveling on top of host galaxies.

With the rapid development of deep learning technology, more and more researchers apply it to gravitational wave (GW) data analysis. Previous studies focused on a single deep learning model. In this paper we design an ensemble algorithm combining a set of convolutional neural networks for GW signal recognition. The whole ensemble model consists of two subensemble models. Each subensemble model is also an ensemble model of deep learning. The two subensemble models treat data of Hanford and Livinston detectors, respectively. Proper voting scheme is adopted to combine the two subensemble models to form the whole ensemble model. We apply this ensemble model to all reported GW events in the first observation and second observation runs (O1/O2) by LIGO-VIRGO Scientific Collaboration. We find that the ensemble algorithm can clearly identify all binary black hole merger events except GW170818. We also apply the ensemble model to one month (August 2017) data of O2. No false trigger happens, although only O1 data are used for training. Our test results indicate that the ensemble learning algorithms can be used in real-time GW data analysis.

Understanding neutrino flavor transformation in dense environments such as core-collapse supernovae (CCSN) is critical for inferring the physics of these events and interpreting a detected neutrino signal. The role of direction-changing collisions in shaping the neutrino flavor field in these environments is important and poorly understood; it has not been treated self-consistently. There has been progress, via numerical integration, to include the effects of collisions in the dynamics of the neutrino flavor field. While this has led to important insights, integration is limited by its requirement that full initial conditions must be assumed known. On the contrary, it has been shown in recent years that feedback from collisions to the field is a boundary value problem. Numerical integration techniques are poorly equipped to handle that formulation. This paper demonstrates that an inference formulation of the problem can solve a simple collisions-only model representing a CCSN core–without full knowledge of initial conditions. Specifically, the procedure solves a two-point boundary value problem with partial information at the bounds. The model is sufficiently simple that physical reasoning may be used as a confidence check on the inference-based solution, and the procedure recovers the expected model dynamics. This result demonstrates that inference can solve a problem that is artificially hidden from integration techniques—-a problem that is an important feature of flavor evolution in dense environments. Thus, it is worthwhile to explore means of augmenting the existing powerful integration tools with inference-based approaches.

We reinterpret COHERENT data within the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT), giving full consideration to the effect of matching onto the low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) and running to the characteristic energy scale. Within the same framework, we also investigate the prospects of next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments DUNE, T2HK, and JUNO including TAO, while in addition we take into account the matching between quantum mechanics neutrino nonstandard interaction (NSI) parameters and those charged and neutral current neutrino NSI parameters defined in the LEFT. Combining the results of two types of experiments, we analyze 1635 dimension-six SMEFT operators with no flavor assumptions and derive lower bounds to the UV scale $\mathrm{\Lambda }$. From our analysis, we find COHERENT with CsI and LAr targets to be sensitive to new physics up to $\sim 900\mathrm{GeV}$, while the most powerful probe is obtained on ${\mathcal{O}}_{{ledq}_{1211}}$ with $\mathrm{\Lambda }\gtrsim 450\mathrm{TeV}$ due to the electron neutrino sample in the T2HK near detector. We also find DUNE and JUNO to be complementary to T2HK in exploring different subsets of SMEFT operators at about 25 TeV. We conclude that near detectors play a significant role in each experiment.

We investigate a variant of the left-right symmetric model based on the $SU(3{)}_C\otimes SU(2{)}_L\otimes U(1{)}_L\otimes SU(2{)}_R\otimes U(1{)}_R$ gauge group (32121). Spontaneously breaking of 32121 down to the Standard Model (SM) gauge group requires a bidoublet under $SU(2{)}_L\otimes SU(2{)}_R$, a right-handed doublet scalar under $SU(2{)}_R$, along with a $SU(2)$ singlet scalar boson. Symmetry breaking leads to several neutral and charged massive gauge bosons apart from the SM $W$ and $Z$. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) results for the search of heavy gauge bosons can be used to constrain the vacuum expectation values responsible for giving masses to these extra heavy gauge bosons. The physical spectrum of the scalar bosons contains several neutral $CP$-even and $CP$-odd states and a couple of charged scalars apart from the SM-like Higgs boson. We have put constraints on the masses of some of these scalars from the existing LHC data. The possible decay rates and production cross sections of these scalars have been investigated in some detail. Production cross sections for some of the scalars look promising at the 14 and 27 TeV runs of the LHC with the high luminosity option. We keep, in our model, all the fermions present in the 27-dimensional fundamental representation of $E_6$. Mass limit of one such exotic lepton has also been derived from present LHC data. It is noted that some of these neutral exotic lepton or neutral scalar bosons of this model can serve the purpose of cold dark matter.

We find signals of quark combination at hadronization from the experimental data of $p_T$ spectra of hadrons at midrapidity in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200\mathrm{GeV}$. The first is the constituent quark number scaling property for $p_T$ spectra of ${\mathrm{\Omega }}^{-}$ and $\varphi$ and that for $p_T$ spectra of $p$ and ${\rho }^0$. The second is that $p_T$ spectra of $\mathrm{\Lambda }$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{-}$, and $K^{*0}$ can be self-consistently described using the spectrum of strange quarks from $\varphi$ data and that of up/down quarks from $p$ data in the equal-velocity combination mechanism. The third is that experimental data for $p_T$ spectrum of $D^{*+}$ are also well described by the spectrum of up/down quarks from $p$ data and a spectrum of charm quarks which is consistent with theoretical calculations of the fixed-order next-to-leading-logarithmic approach. These results indicate a similarity between hadron production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200\mathrm{GeV}$ and that at LHC energies. We predict $p_T$ spectra of single-charm hadrons and their spectrum ratios. We suggest systematic measurements in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200\mathrm{GeV}$ in the future so as to better understand the property of the small parton system created in $pp$ collisions at different collision energies.

We revisit the calculation of quark and scalar propagators in a gluon background field at next-to-eikonal accuracy, which will provide the first power correction to scattering processes in the high-energy limit, including gluon saturation effects. The two main results of our study are as follows. First, we derive a very general next-to-eikonal expansion of the quark propagator in terms of the scalar propagator, which allows us to isolate spinor-specific next-to-eikonal corrections from the universal ones. Second, we present a new method allowing, for the first time, a systematic calculation of the next-to-eikonal corrections coming from the $x^{-}$ dependence of the background field. This opens the possibility to study high-energy scattering processes on a target with nontrivial dynamics instead of on a static one, by going beyond infinite Lorentz time dilation of the target.

We calculate the fully differential next-to-leading-order corrections to (longitudinally) polarized dijet production in deep inelastic scattering, featuring both neutral current and charged current processes. We also analyze their phenomenological impact in the electron-ion collider kinematics.

We investigate the leading twist quark generalized transverse momentum distributions (GTMDs) at nonzero skewness in a light-front quark-diquark model for the nucleon motivated by soft-wall AdS/QCD. The boost-invariant longitudinal coordinate, $\sigma =\frac{1}{2}{b}^{-}{P}^{+}$, is identified as the Fourier conjugate of the skewness. The Fourier transform of the GTMDs with respect to the skewness variable $\xi$ can be employed to provide the Wigner distributions in the boost-invariant longitudinal position space $\sigma$, the coordinate conjugate to light-front time, $\tau =t+z/c$. The Wigner distributions in the longitudinal position space exhibit diffraction patterns, which are analogous to the diffractive scattering of a wave in optics.

Using recent and updated world data on polarized structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$ we perform an analysis based on quantum chromodynamics (QCD) as a theory of strong interactions at next-next-to-leading-order accuracy. We include also target mass corrections and higher twist effects to get more precise results in our fitting procedure. To confirm the validity of our fitting results several sum rules are examined and we do a comparison for them with results from other models. In our analysis we employ the Jacobi polynomials approach to obtain analytical solutions of the Dokshitzer-Gribov-LipatovAltarelli-Parisi evolution equations for parton distribution functions (PDFs). Using the extracted PDFs from our data analysis as input, we also compute the $x$- and ${\mathbf{p}}_T$-dependence of some transverse momentum dependence PDFs in polarized case, based on covariant parton model. These functions are naively even time-reversal at twist-two approximation. The results for transverse momentum dependences indicate proper and acceptable behavior with respect to what are presented in other literatures.

We perform the first simultaneous global QCD analysis of spin-averaged and spin-dependent parton distribution functions (PDFs), including single jet production data from unpolarized and polarized hadron collisions. We critically assess the impact of SU(3) flavor symmetry and PDF positivity assumptions on the quark and gluon helicity PDFs, and find strong bias from these, particularly on the gluon polarization. The simultaneous analysis allows for the first time extraction of individual helicity-aligned and antialigned PDFs with a consistent treatment of uncertainties.

In this short note the QED extension of the nucleon spin sum rule is considered. To this end, the leading-order (LO) QED evolution kernels for the quark/gluon helicity and orbital-angular momentum (OAM) distributions are calculated, as well as their lepton and photon analog distributions introduced for the first time. The LO evolution kernels of the latter are also calculated, both in QCD and QED. Putting all together, the nucleon spin sum rule remains scale-invariant in $\mathrm{QCD}\times \mathrm{QED}$, as expected, which represents a check of the newly obtained results. This theoretical development will allow in the future the quantification of the contributions of lepton and photon distributions to the nucleon spin, and a more precise control over the uncertainties.

Electroweak precision observables (EWPOs) measured at the $W$ and $Z$ poles provide stringent limits on possible beyond the Standard Model physics scenarios. In an effective field theory (EFT) framework, the next-to-leading-order QCD and electroweak results for EWPOs yield indirect limits on possible four-fermion operators that do not contribute to the observables at tree level. Here, we calculate the next-to-leading corrections to EWPOs induced by flavor nonuniversal four-fermion interactions and find that the extracted limits on EFT coefficients have a strong dependence on the flavor structure of the four-fermion operators. The limits on several EFT coefficients obtained using next-to-leading-order corrections to EWPOs are comparable to those obtained from top quark pair production at the LHC.

We study the color-allowed ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c\pi$, ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{c}K$ decays in the perturbative QCD approach (PQCD) to lowest order in strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s$. Both the factorizable and nonfactorizable contributions are taken into account in our calculations. It is found that these processes are dominated by the factorizable contributions, while the important nonfactorizable contributions can enhance the branching ratios by about 30%. The decay branching ratios are predicted to be $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c\pi )=6.7_{-3.8}^{+4.1}\times {10}^{-3}$ and $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{c}K)=5.0_{-3.0}^{+4.0}\times {10}^{-4}$, where the uncertainties arise from the baryon light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs), the heavy charm quark and charmed baryon masses, and the hard scales. It is shown that the asymmetry parameters in the two decays are approximately equal to $-1$, which is expected as in the heavy quark limit and the soft meson limit. Our predictions are consistent with the recent experimental data within errors. The obtained numerical results are also compared to those in the other theoretical approaches when they are available.

We measure the branching fractions and $CP$ asymmetries for the decays $B^0\to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^0$ and $B^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^{+}$, using a data sample of $772\times {10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider. The branching fractions obtained and direct $CP$ asymmetries are $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^0)=[2.70\pm 0.06(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.10(\mathrm{syst})]\times {10}^{-4}$, $\mathcal{B}(B^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^{+})=[4.53\pm 0.02(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.15(\mathrm{syst})]\times {10}^{-3}$, ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(B^0\to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^0)=[+0.42\pm 2.05(\mathrm{stat})\pm 1.22(\mathrm{syst})]\%$, and ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(B^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^{+})=[+0.19\pm 0.36(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.57(\mathrm{syst})]\%$. The measurements of $\mathcal{B}$ are the most precise to date and are in good agreement with previous results, as is the measurement of ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(B^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^{+})$. The measurement of ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}$ for $B^0\to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^0$ is the first for this mode, and the value is consistent with Standard Model expectations.

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE’s sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-calendar years (kt-MW-CY), where calendar years include an assumption of 57% accelerator uptime based on past accelerator performance at Fermilab. The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a $4\sigma$ ($5\sigma$) level with a 66 (100) kt-MW-CY far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters, with a median sensitivity of $3\sigma$ for almost all true ${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}$ values after only 24 kt-MW-CY. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a $3\sigma$ level with a 100 kt-MW-CY exposure for the maximally CP-violating values ${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}=\pm \pi /2$. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE’s sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest.

We generalize the time-honored Weinberg’s compositeness relations by including the range corrections through considering a general form factor. In Weinberg’s derivation, he considered the effective range expansion up to $\mathcal{O}(p^2)$ and made two additional approximations: neglecting the nonpole term in the Low equation and approximating the form factor by a constant. We lift the second approximation and work out an analytic expression for the form factor. For a positive effective range, the form factor is of a single-pole form. An integral representation of the compositeness is obtained and is expected to have a smaller uncertainty than that derived from Weinberg’s relations. We also establish an exact relation between the wave function of a bound state and the phase of the scattering amplitude neglecting the nonpole term. The deuteron is analyzed as an example, and the formalism can be applied to other cases where range corrections are important.