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  • Open Access

Quantum simulation of QC2D on a two-dimensional small lattice

Zhen-Xuan Yang1,*, Hidefumi Matsuda2,†, Xu-Guang Huang1,3,4,‡, and Kouji Kashiwa5,§

  • 1Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
  • 2Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • 4Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Natural Science Foundation of China and Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
  • 5Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Information Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan

  • *Contact author: 24110190097@m.fudan.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: da.matsu.00.bbb.kobe@gmail.com
  • ‡Contact author: huangxuguang@fudan.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: kashiwa@fit.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 034511 – Published 27 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pj6x-zymq

Abstract

We study the Hamiltonian formulation of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with staggered fermions in a (2+1)-dimensional small lattice system. We construct a gauge-invariant and finite-dimensional Hilbert space for the theory by applying the loop-string-hadron formulation and specifically map the model to a spin system. We classically emulate digital quantum simulation and observe the real-time evolution of the single-site entanglement entropy, the fermion entanglement entropy, and the fermion pair production.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 034511– Published 27 August, 2025
  • Received 17 April 2025
  • Accepted 4 August 2025
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