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Implications of the electromagnetic scale anomaly to the QCD chiral phase transition in the smaller quark mass regime: Tpc does not drop with eB

Yuanyuan Wang* and Shinya Matsuzaki†

Mamiya Kawaguchi‡

Akio Tomiya§

  • Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

  • *Contact author: yuanyuanw23@jlu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: synya@jlu.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: mamiya@aust.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: akio@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. D 111, 115015 – Published 16 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zzd7-86cm

Abstract

The decrease of the chiral pseudocritical temperature Tpc with an applied strong magnetic field has been extensively investigated by various QCD low-energy effective models and lattice QCD at the physical point. We find that this decreasing feature may not hold in the case with a weak magnetic field and still depends on quark masses: when the quark masses get smaller, Tpc turns to increase with the weak magnetic field. This happens due to the significant electromagnetic scale anomaly contribution in the thermomagnetic medium. We demonstrate this salient feature by employing the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with 2+1 quark flavors including the electromagnetic scale anomaly contribution. We observe that at (m0c,msc)≃(2,20)  MeV for the isospin symmetric mass for up and down quarks, m0, and the strange quark mass, ms, Tpc decreases with the magnetic field if the quark masses exceed the critical values, and increases as the quark masses become smaller. Related cosmological implications, arising when the supercooled electroweak phase transition or dark QCD cosmological phase transition is considered along with a primordial magnetic field, are also briefly addressed.

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Phys. Rev. D 111, 115015– Published 16 June, 2025
  • Received 24 December 2024
  • Accepted 22 May 2025
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