- Open Access
Cross sections of mesons in collisions at forward rapidity at and central rapidity at
Phys. Rev. D 113, 092011 – Published 15 May, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zvkl-wrlc
Abstract
We present the first measurements of the forward and midrapidity -meson cross sections from collisions at and 510 GeV, respectively. We also report the midrapidity ratio at 510 GeV. The forward cross section is measured differentially in -meson transverse momentum () from 1.0 to for pseudorapidity . The midrapidity cross section is measured from 3.5 to for pseudorapidity . Both cross sections serve as critical inputs to an updated global analysis of the -meson fragmentation functions.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
See Also
Eta fragmentation functions revisited
Article Text
References (54)
- J. C. Collins, D. E. Soper, and G. F. Sterman, Factorization of hard processes in QCD, Adv. Ser. Dir. High Energy Phys. 5, 1 (1989).
- J. Adams et al. (STAR Collaboration), Identified hadron spectra at large transverse momentum in and collisions at , Phys. Lett. B 637, 161 (2006).
- J. Adams et al. (STAR Collaboration), Forward neutral pion production in and collisions at , Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 152302 (2006).
- B. I. Abelev et al. (STAR Collaboration), Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry and cross section for inclusive neutral pion production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at , Phys. Rev. D 80, 111108 (2009).
- G. Agakishiev et al. (STAR Collaboration), Identified hadron compositions in and collisions at high transverse momenta at , Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 072302 (2012).
- L. Adamczyk et al. (STAR Collaboration), Neutral pion cross section and spin asymmetries at intermediate pseudorapidity in polarized proton collisions at , Phys. Rev. D 89, 012001 (2014).
- A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Inclusive cross-section and double helicity asymmetry for production in collisions at : Implications for the polarized gluon distribution in the proton, Phys. Rev. D 76, 051106 (2007).
- A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Inclusive cross section and double-helicity asymmetry for production at midrapidity in collisions at , Phys. Rev. D 93, 011501 (2016).
- B. Abelev et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Neutral pion and -meson production in proton-proton collisions at and , Phys. Lett. B 717, 162 (2012).
- S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), and -meson production in proton-proton collisions at , Eur. Phys. J. C 78, 263 (2018).
- S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Production of and mesons up to high transverse momentum in pp collisions at 2.76 TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 339 (2017).
- S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Production of light-flavor hadrons in pp collisions at and , Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 256 (2021).
- K. Abe et al. (SLD Collaboration), Production of , and in hadronic decays, Phys. Rev. D 59, 052001 (1999).
- D. Buskulic et al. (ALEPH Collaboration), Inclusive , and differential cross-sections at the resonance, Z. Phys. C 66, 355 (1995).
- P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI Collaboration), , and production in , , and , Eur. Phys. J. C 5, 585 (1998).
- R. Seidl et al. (Belle Collaboration), Update of inclusive cross sections of single and pairs of identified light charged hadrons, Phys. Rev. D 101, 092004 (2020).
- J. P. Lees et al. (BABAR Collaboration), Production of charged pions, kaons, and protons in annihilations into hadrons at , Phys. Rev. D 88, 032011 (2013).
- A. Airapetian et al. (HERMES Collaboration), Multiplicities of charged pions and kaons from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering by the proton and the deuteron, Phys. Rev. D 87, 074029 (2013).
- C. Adolph et al. (COMPASS Collaboration), Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons from deep-inelastic scattering of muons off an isoscalar target, Phys. Lett. B 764, 1 (2017).
- D. de Florian, R. Sassot, and M. Stratmann, Global analysis of fragmentation functions for pions and kaons and their uncertainties, Phys. Rev. D 75, 114010 (2007).
- D. de Florian, R. Sassot, M. Epele, R. J. Hernández-Pinto, and M. Stratmann, Parton-to-pion fragmentation reloaded, Phys. Rev. D 91, 014035 (2015).
- I. Borsa, D. de Florian, R. Sassot, and M. Stratmann, Pion fragmentation functions at high energy colliders, Phys. Rev. D 105, L031502 (2022).
- C. A. Aidala, F. Ellinghaus, R. Sassot, J. P. Seele, and M. Stratmann, Global analysis of fragmentation functions for Eta mesons, Phys. Rev. D 83, 034002 (2011).
- A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetry of mesons in collisions at at forward rapidity, Phys. Rev. D 90, 072008 (2014).
- B. I. Abelev et al. (STAR Collaboration), Inclusive , , and direct photon production at high transverse momentum in and collisions at , Phys. Rev. C 81, 064904 (2010).
- R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Production of and ’ mesons in and collisions, Phys. Rev. C 109, 024907 (2024).
- R. Seidl et al. (Belle Collaboration), Production cross sections of light and charmed mesons in annihilation near 10.58 GeV, Phys. Rev. D 111, 052003 (2025).
- C. A. Aidala, D. A. Loomis, R. T. Martinez, R. Sassot, and M. Stratmann, companion article, Eta fragmentation functions revisited, Phys. Rev. D 113, 092012 (2026).
- B. Jager, A. Schafer, M. Stratmann, and W. Vogelsang, Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to high p(T) pion production in longitudinally polarized pp collisions, Phys. Rev. D 67, 054005 (2003).
- W. Vogelsang, (private communication).
- K. Adcox et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), PHENIX detector overview, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 469 (2003).
- L. Aphecetche et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), PHENIX calorimeter, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 521 (2003).
- K. Adcox et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), PHENIX central arm tracking detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 489 (2003).
- M. Aizawa et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), PHENIX central arm particle ID detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 508 (2003).
- H. Akikawa et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), PHENIX muon arms, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 537 (2003).
- M. Allen et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), PHENIX inner detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 549 (2003).
- A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Measurement of transverse-single-spin asymmetries for midrapidity and forward-rapidity production of hadrons in polarized collisions at and 62.4 GeV, Phys. Rev. D 90, 012006 (2014).
- S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
- C. E. Rasmussen and C. K. I. Williams, Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (MIT Press, Boston, USA, 2006).
- S. Agostinelli et al. (geant4 Collaboration), geant4- A simulation toolkit, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 506, 250 (2003).
- T. Sjostrand, S. Mrenna, and P. Z. Skands, pythia 6.4 Physics and Manual, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2006) 026.
- R. D. Field (CDF Collaboration), The underlying event in hard scattering processes, eConf C010630, P501 (2001).
- M. G. Albrow et al. (TeV4LHC QCD Working Group), Tevatron-for-LHC Report of the QCD Working Group (2006).
- https://www.hepdata.net/record/166316.
- G. Lafferty and T. Wyatt, Where to stick your data points: The treatment of measurements within wide bins, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 355, 541 (1995).
- S. Bailey, T. Cridge, L. A. Harland-Lang, A. D. Martin, and R. S. Thorne, Parton distributions from LHC, HERA, Tevatron and fixed target data: MSHT20 PDFs, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 341 (2021).
- T.-J. Hou et al., New CTEQ global analysis of quantum chromodynamics with high-precision data from the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 103, 014013 (2021).
- U. Acharya et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Measurement of direct-photon cross section and double-helicity asymmetry at in collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 251901 (2023).
- W. Vogelsang (private communication).
- A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Cross section and double helicity asymmetry for mesons and their comparison to neutral pion production in collisions at , Phys. Rev. D 83, 032001 (2011).
- C. Kourkoumelis et al., Inclusive production at high at the ISR, Phys. Lett. 84B, 277 (1979).
- L. Adamczyk et al. (STAR Collaboration), Transverse single-spin asymmetry and cross section for and mesons at large feynman in collisions at , Phys. Rev. D 86, 051101 (2012).
- S. Acharya et al., and meson production in proton-proton collisions at , Eur. Phys. J. C 78, 263 (2018).
- Y. Ren and A. Drees, Examination of the universal behavior of the -to- ratio in heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 104, 054902 (2021).