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Energy-momentum tensor in a classical model of the electron

Grace Gardella1,2, Mira Varma3,2, and Peter Schweitzer2

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 116008 – Published 4 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zp92-8sd5

Abstract

We show that the leading nonanalytic terms in the small-t expansion of the energy-momentum tensor form factors of an electrically charged particle in QED can be correctly derived in a classical model of the electron by Białynicki-Birula. Based on the lucidity of the employed exactly solvable model, we comment also on the recently proposed concept of a regularized proton D-term.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 116008– Published 4 June, 2026
  • Received 3 April 2026
  • Accepted 7 May 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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