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Singularity-free Feynman integral bases

Stefano De Angelis1,*, David A. Kosower1,†, Rourou Ma2,3,‡, Zihao Wu4,5,6,§, and Yang Zhang2,7,8,∥

  • *Contact author: Stefano.De-Angelis@ipht.fr
  • †Contact author: David.Kosower@ipht.fr
  • ‡Contact author: Marr21@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: wuzihao@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • ∥Contact author: yzhphy@ustc.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 056013 – Published 12 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zd34-cc4y

Abstract

Standard integration-by-parts (IBP) reduction methods typically yield Feynman integral bases where the reduction of some integrals gives rise to coefficients singular as the dimensional regulator ε→0. These singular coefficients can also appear in scattering amplitudes, obscuring their structure, and rendering their evaluation more complicated. We investigate the use of bases in which the reduction of any integral is free of singular coefficients. We present two general algorithms for constructing such bases. The first is based on sequential D=4 IBP reduction. It constructs a basis iteratively by projecting onto the finite part of the set of IBP relations. The second algorithm performs Gaussian elimination within a local ring forbidding division by ε while permitting division by polynomials in ε finite at ε=0. We study the application of both algorithms to a pair of two-loop examples, the planar and nonplanar double-box families of integrals. We also explore the incorporation of finite Feynman integrals into these bases. In one example, the resulting basis provides a simpler and more compact representation of a scattering amplitude.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 056013– Published 12 March, 2026
  • Received 29 August 2025
  • Accepted 2 January 2026
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