We demonstrate the feasibility of determining the strong coupling constant, ${\alpha }_s$, from the inclusive semileptonic decay width of $B$ mesons. We express the semileptonic $B$ decay width as a function of ${\alpha }_s(5\mathrm{GeV})$, the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|V_{cb}|$, and $b$- and $c$-quark masses in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme. We fit ${\alpha }_s(5\mathrm{GeV})$ to current world averages of the $B^{\pm }$ and $B^0$ semileptonic decay widths. This yields ${\alpha }_s(5\mathrm{GeV})=0.245\pm 0.009$, corresponding to a five-flavor extrapolation of ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)=0.1266\pm 0.0023$. The primary uncertainty contributions arise from the uncertainty on the perturbative expansion and the value of $|V_{cb}|$. Future advancements, including higher-order perturbative calculations and precise measurements of $|V_{cb}|$ and $B$ decay widths from upcoming $B$ and $Z$ factories, could enable this method to determine ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)$ with a competitive precision of $\mathrm{\Delta }{\alpha }_s(m_Z)\sim 0.0018$. This precision is comparable to the current accuracy of ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)$ measurements from $\tau$-lepton decays, which is regarded as the most precise experimental approach.

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• Quantum chromodynamics
• Strong interaction