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Chiral symmetry breaking in accelerating and rotating frames

Zhi-Bin Zhu1, Hao-Lei Chen2,3,4,*, and Xu-Guang Huang1,3,4,†

  • 1Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
  • 2Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • 4Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, NSFC and Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China

  • *Contact author: hlchen@shu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: huangxuguang@fudan.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 034005 – Published 4 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/yxj9-33z6

Abstract

We study chiral symmetry breaking and restoration in accelerating and rotating frames using low-energy effective models. By analyzing the chiral condensate in Rindler coordinates, we show that different renormalization schemes lead to distinct conclusions in the accelerating frame: the scheme with subtracting divergences in the Rindler vacuum supports an acceleration-independent critical temperature, while the other scheme with subtracting divergences in Minkowski vacuum suggests an enhanced critical temperature. We further investigate a system with both rotation and acceleration. We find that the critical acceleration for chiral symmetry restoration decreases with angular velocity, indicating cooperative effects from acceleration-induced thermalization and rotation-induced effective chemical potential.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 034005– Published 4 February, 2026
  • Received 23 November 2025
  • Accepted 21 January 2026
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