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Charged black-hole binary evolution at second post-Newtonian order

Andrea Placidi1,*, Elisa Grilli1,2,†, and Marta Orselli1,2,‡

Matteo Pegorin3,4,5,§, Nicola Bartolo3,4,6,∥, and Pierpaolo Mastrolia3,4,¶

  • *Contact author: andrea.placidi@unipg.it
  • †Contact author: elisa.grilli@nbi.ku.dk
  • ‡Contact author: orselli@nbi.ku.dk
  • §Contact author: matteo.pegorin.1@phd.unipd.it
  • ∥Contact author: nicola.bartolo@unipd.it
  • Contact author: pierpaolo.mastrolia@unipd.it
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 124060 – Published 17 December, 2025Erratum Phys. Rev. D 114, 029902 (2026)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ys3f-zqhd

Abstract

We study the dynamics of electrically charged black-hole binaries and their gravitational-wave emission during the inspiral phase. Within the post-Newtonian framework, we derive the conservative and dissipative dynamics up to second order (2PN), combining Effective Field Theory and classical methods. We compute the next-to-next-to-leading-order conservative Lagrangian, leading-order dissipative effects in harmonic and Lorenz gauges, and provide the equations of motion, center-of-mass transformations, and the Lagrangian/Hamiltonian in Arnowitt-Deser-Misner-type coordinates. We also obtain gauge-invariant expressions for the binding energy, periastron advance in quasi-circular orbits, and the scattering angle in unbound orbits. Our results extend previous analyses and are fully consistent with recent post-Minkowskian findings.

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Erratum

Erratum: Charged black-hole binary evolution at second post-Newtonian order [Phys. Rev. D 112, 124060 (2025)]

Andrea Placidi, Elisa Grilli, Marta Orselli, Matteo Pegorin, Nicola Bartolo, and Pierpaolo Mastrolia
Phys. Rev. D 114, 029902 (2026)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 124060– Published 17 December, 2025
  • Received 9 October 2025
  • Accepted 3 December 2025
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