- Open Access
Covariant fractons and Weitzenböck torsion
Phys. Rev. D 112, 105002 – Published 6 November, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/y426-6lkj
Abstract
The relation between covariant fracton gauge theory and Møller-Hayashi-Shirafuji theory of gravity is investigated. The former is the gauge theory of a rank-two symmetric tensor with gauge symmetry given by the double derivative of a scalar parameter; the latter is the most general theory, whose action is quadratic in the Weitzenböck torsion. We show that the solutions of covariant fracton gauge theory describe a subsector of the space of solutions of Møller-Hayashi-Shirafuji theory, providing a new insight in the relation between covariant fractons and gravity, and elucidating the meaning of covariant fracton theory as a new type of gauge theory.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (47)
- M. Pretko, Higher-spin witten effect and two-dimensional fracton phases, Phys. Rev. B 96, 125151 (2017).
- N. Seiberg and S.-H. Shao, Exotic symmetries, duality, and fractons in -dimensional quantum field theory, SciPost Phys. 10, 027 (2021).
- F. J. Burnell, T. Devakul, P. Gorantla, H. T. Lam, and S.-H. Shao, Anomaly inflow for subsystem symmetries, Phys. Rev. B 106, 085113 (2022).
- S. Vijay, J. Haah, and L. Fu, A new kind of topological quantum order: A dimensional hierarchy of quasiparticles built from stationary excitations, Phys. Rev. B 92, 235136 (2015).
- A. Blasi and N. Maggiore, The theory of symmetric tensor field: From fractons to gravitons and back, Phys. Lett. B 833, 137304 (2022).
- E. Bertolini and N. Maggiore, Maxwell theory of fractons, Phys. Rev. D 106, 125008 (2022).
- E. Bertolini, A. Blasi, A. Damonte, and N. Maggiore, Gauging fractons and linearized gravity, Symmetry 15, 945 (2023).
- E. Afxonidis, A. Caddeo, C. Hoyos, and D. Musso, Fracton gravity from spacetime dipole symmetry, Phys. Rev. D 109, 065013 (2024).
- E. Bertolini, A. Blasi, N. Maggiore, and D. Sacco Shaikh, Hall-like behaviour of higher rank Chern-Simons theory of fractons, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2024) 232.
- E. Bertolini and G. Palumbo, Fractonic self-duality and covariant magnetic fractons, Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 480, 170138 (2025).
- D. Rovere, Anomalies in covariant fracton theories, Phys. Rev. D 110, 085012 (2024).
- S. Deser and A. Waldron, Partially massless spin 2 electrodynamics, Phys. Rev. D 74, 084036 (2006).
- E. Bertolini and H. Kim, Covariant interacting fractons, Phys. Rev. D 111, 025006 (2025).
- M. Fierz and W. Pauli, On relativistic wave equations for particles of arbitrary spin in an electromagnetic field, Proc. R. Soc. A 173, 211 (1939).
- A. Einstein, Riemann-Geometrie mit Aufrechterhaltung des Begriffes des Fernparallelismus, Sitzber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 17, 217 (1928).
- E. Cartan, Sur une généralisation de la notion de courbure de Riemann et les espaces à torsion, C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 174, 1104 (1922), https://zbmath.org/48.0854.05.
- E. Cartan, Sur les variétés à connexion affine et la théorie de la relativité généralisée (première partie), Ann. Sci. Ec. Norm. Super. 40, 325 (1923).
- E. Cartan, Sur les variétés à connexion affine, et la théorie de la relativité généralisée (première partie) (Suite), Ann. Sci. Ec. Norm. Super. 41, 1 (1924).
- E. Cartan, Sur les variétés à connexion affine, et la théorie de la relativité généralisée (deuxième partie), Ann. Sci. Ec. Norm. Super. 42, 17 (1925).
- R. Weitzenböck, Differentialinvarianten in der Einsteinschen Theorie des Fernparallelismus, Sitzber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 17, 466 (1928) (english translation in Selected papers on teleparallelism, edited and translated by Delphenich, pp. 46–55), https://www.neo-classical-physics.info/uploads/3/4/3/6/34363841/selected_papers_on_teleparallelism.pdf.
- T. Shirafuji, G. G. L. Nashed, and K. Hayashi, Energy of general spherically symmetric solution in tetrad theory of gravitation, Prog. Theor. Phys. 95, 665 (1996).
- J. W. Maluf, The teleparallel equivalent of general relativity, Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 525, 339 (2013).
- J. Scherk and J. H. Schwarz, How to get masses from extra dimensions, Nucl. Phys. B153, 61 (1979).
- A. Coimbra, C. Strickland-Constable, and D. Waldram, generalized geometry, connections and M theory, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2014) 054.
- G. Aldazabal, M. Graña, D. Marqués, and J. A. Rosabal, Extended geometry and gauged maximal supergravity, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2013) 046.
- K. Lee, C. Strickland-Constable, and D. Waldram, Spheres, generalised parallelisability and consistent truncations, Fortschr. Phys. 65, 1700048 (2017).
- C. Møller, Conservation laws and absolute parallelism in general relativity, Mat. Fys. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selck. 1, 1 (1961), https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:196067443.
- C. Møller, Further remarks on the localization of the energy in the general theory of relativity, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 12, 118 (1961).
- C. Møller, On the crisis in the theory of gravitation and a possible solution, K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk., Mat.-Fys. Medd. 39, 3 (1978), https://inis.iaea.org/records/j18cd-7x895.
- K. Hayashi and T. Shirafuji, New general relativity, Phys. Rev. D 19, 3524 (1979).
- K. Hayashi and T. Nakano, Extended translation invariance and associated gauge fields, Prog. Theor. Phys. 38, 491 (1967).
- M. Kalb and P. Ramond, Classical direct interstring action, Phys. Rev. D 9, 2273 (1974).
- C. Becchi, A. Rouet, and R. Stora, Renormalization of the Abelian Higgs-Kibble model, Commun. Math. Phys. 42, 127 (1975).
- C. Becchi, A. Rouet, and R. Stora, The Abelian Higgs-Kibble model. Unitarity of the S operator, Phys. Lett. 52B, 344 (1974).
- C. Becchi, A. Rouet, and R. Stora, Renormalization of gauge theories, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 98, 287 (1976).
- I. V. Tyutin, Gauge invariance in field theory and statistical physics in operator formalism, arXiv:0812.0580.
- K. Hayashi, The gauge theory of the translation group and underlying geometry, Phys. Lett. 69B, 441 (1977).
- E. Afxonidis, A. Caddeo, C. Hoyos, and D. Musso, Analysis of fracton-gravity stability, Phys. Rev. D 110, 085016 (2024).
- A. Nijenhuis, Jacobi-type identities for bilinear differential concomitants of certain tensor fields. II, Indagationes Math. (Proceedings) 58, 398 (1955).
- A. Frölicher and A. Nijenhuis, Theory of vector-valued differential forms. Part I. Derivations in the graded ring of differential forms, Indagationes Math. (Proceedings) 59, 338 (1956).
- A. Frölicher and A. Nijenhuis, Invariance of vector form operations under mappings, Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici 34, 227 (1960).
- V. C. de Andrade and J. G. Pereira, Gravitational Lorentz force and the description of the gravitational interaction, Phys. Rev. D 56, 4689 (1997).
- M. Cederwall and J. Palmkvist, Teleparallelism in the algebraic approach to extended geometry, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2022) 164.
- Y. M. Cho, Einstein Lagrangian as the translational Yang-Mills Lagrangian, Phys. Rev. D 14, 2521 (1976).
- F. Brandt, N. Dragon, and M. Kreuzer, All consistent Yang-Mills anomalies, Phys. Lett. B 231, 263 (1989).
- O. Piguet and S. P. Sorella, Algebraic Renormalization: Perturbative Renormalization, Symmetries and Anomalies (Springer, Netherlands, 1995), Vol. 28, 10.1007/978-3-540-49192-7.
- P. Van Nieuwenhuizen, Supergravity, Phys. Rep. 68, 189 (1981).