Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Complex logistic equation for universal energy evolution in hadronic elastic scattering

Anderson Kendi Kohara*

  • *Contact author: anderson.kendi@gmail.com

Phys. Rev. D 113, 116041 – Published 29 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xz23-bqg9

Abstract

We introduce a universal evolution equation for elastic scattering of hadrons, derived from Reggeon field theory and solved in closed analytical form. The equation has a complex logistic structure and evolves initial amplitude profiles from existing models at a fixed energy, reproducing both differential cross sections and integrated quantities over a broad energy range. It admits a unique solution for each initial condition and rigorously satisfies unitarity, the Froissart–Martin bound, and dispersion relations. The dynamics are governed by two physically meaningful parameters: the effective Pomeron mass εP and the nonlinear coupling λ, both fitted at a single energy. By decoupling the nonperturbative input from the universal energy evolution, the framework enables model-independent extrapolations and provides a minimal predictive alternative to eikonal resummation. Moreover, the structure of the equation—featuring rapidity evolution, saturation, and impact-parameter dependence—shares qualitative features with nonlinear QCD equations at small-x, such as Balitsky-Kovchegov and Jalilian-Marian, Iancu, McLerran, Weigert, Leonidov, and Kovner, suggesting a possible bridge between Regge-based and QCD-based approaches to high-energy scattering.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (59)

  1. P. D. B. Collins, An Introduction to Regge Theory and High Energy Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1977).
  2. V. N. Gribov, A Reggeon diagram technique, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 53, 654 (1967) [Sov. Phys. JETP 26, 414 (1968)].
  3. M. Froissart, Asymptotic behavior and subtractions in the Mandelstam representation, Phys. Rev. 123, 1053 (1961).
  4. A. Martin, Extension of the axiomatic analyticity domain of scattering amplitudes by unitarity-I, Nuovo Cimento 42, 930 (1966).
  5. A. Donnachie and P. V. Landshoff, Total cross-sections, Phys. Lett. B 296, 227 (1992).
  6. Martin M. Block, Hadronic forward scattering: Predictions for the Large Hadron Collider and cosmic rays, Phys. Rep. 436, 71 (2006).
  7. A. K. Kohara, E. Ferreira, and T. Kodama, pp elastic scattering at LHC energies, Eur. Phys. J. C 74, 3175 (2014).
  8. C. Bourrely, J. Soffer, and Tai Tsun Wu, New impact picture for low- and high-energy proton-proton elastic scattering, Phys. Rev. D 19, 3249 (1979).
  9. A. Donnachie and P. V. Landshoff, pp and p¯p total cross sections and elastic scattering, Phys. Lett. B 727, 500 (2013).
  10. A. Bialas and A. Bzdak, Wounded quarks and diquarks in heavy ion collisions, Phys. Lett. B 649, 263 (2007).
  11. G. Altarelli and G Parisi, Asymptotic freedom in parton language, Nucl. Phys. B126, 298 (1977); Yu. L. Dokshitzer, Sov. Phys. JETP 46, 641 (1977); V. N. Gribov and L. N. Lipatov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 15, 438 (1972).
  12. I. Balitsky, Operator expansion for high-energy scattering, Nucl. Phys. B463, 99 (1996).
  13. Yuri V. Kovchegov, Small x F_2 structure function of a nucleus including multiple pomeron exchanges, Phys. Rev. D 60, 034008 (1999).
  14. C. Marquet, R. B. Peschanski, and G. Soyez, Traveling waves and geometric scaling at non-zero momentum transfer, Nucl. Phys. A756, 399 (2005).
  15. J. Jalilian-Marian, A. Kovner, A. Leonidov, and H. Weigert, The BFKL equation from the Wilson renormalization group, Nucl. Phys. B504, 415 (1997).
  16. J. Jalilian-Marian, A. Kovner, A. Leonidov, and H. Weigert, The Wilson renormalization group for low x physics: Towards the high density regime, Phys. Rev. D 59, 014014 (1998).
  17. J. Jalilian-Marian, A. Kovner, and H. Weigert, The Wilson renormalization group for low x physics: Gluon evolution at finite parton density, Phys. Rev. D 59, 014015 (1998).
  18. A. Kovner, J. G. Milhano, and H. Weigert, Relating different approaches to nonlinear QCD evolution at finite gluon density, Phys. Rev. D 62, 114005 (2000).
  19. A. Kovner and J. G. Milhano, Vector potential versus color charge density in low x evolution, Phys. Rev. D 61, 014012 (2000).
  20. H. Weigert, Unitarity at small Bjorken x, Nucl. Phys. A703, 823 (2002).
  21. E. Iancu, A. Leonidov, and L. McLerran, Nonlinear gluon evolution in the color glass condensate. 1, Nucl. Phys. A692, 583 (2001).
  22. E. Ferreiro, E. Iancu, A. Leonidov, and L. McLerran, Nonlinear gluon evolution in the color glass condensate. 2, Nucl. Phys. A703, 489 (2002).
  23. S. Donnachie, G. Dosch, P. Landshoff, and O. Nachtmann, Pomeron Physics and QCD, Cambridge Monographs on Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Cosmology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2002).
  24. G. F. Chew and S. C. Frautschi, Regge trajectories and the principle of maximum strength for strong interactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 8, 41 (1962).
  25. T. Kinoshita, Pomeranchuk-like theorem that can be proved, Phys. Rev. D 2, 2346 (1970).
  26. H. Cheng and T. T. Wu, Limit of cross-sections at infinite energy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 1456 (1970).
  27. A. S. Carroll et al., Total cross-sections of p and p¯ on protons and deuterons between 50-GeV/c and 200-GeV/c, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 928 (1974).
  28. D. Amati, L. Caneschi, and R. Jengo, Summing pomeron trees, Nucl. Phys. B101, 397 (1975).
  29. H. Kakkad, A. K. Kohara, and P. Kotko, Evolution equation for elastic scattering of hadrons, Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 830 (2022).
  30. R. A. Fisher, The wave of advance of advantageous genes, Ann. Eugen. 7, 355 (1937).
  31. A. Kolmogorov, I. Petrovsky, and N. Piscounov, Investigation of the equation of diffusion combined with increasing of the substance and its application to a biology problem, Bull. Moscow State Univ. Ser. A 1, 1 (1937).
  32. M. J. Ablowitz and A. Zeppetella, Explicit solutions of Fisher’s equation for a special wave speed, Bull. Math. Biol. 41, 835 (1979).
  33. S. Munier and R. B. Peschanski, Geometric scaling as traveling waves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 232001 (2003).
  34. Y. V. Kovchegov, L. Szymanowski, and S. Wallon, Perturbative odderon in the dipole model, Phys. Lett. B 586, 267 (2004).
  35. V. Gribov, Strong Interactions of Hadrons at High Energies: Gribov Lectures on Theoretical Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2008).
  36. J. R. Forshaw and D. A. Ross, Quantum Chromodynamics and the Pomeron (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2011).
  37. A. Kovner and M. Lublinsky, Odderon and seven Pomerons: QCD Reggeon field theory from JIMWLK evolution, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2007) 058.
  38. T. Altinoluk, A. Kovner, M. Lublinsky, and J. Peressutti, QCD reggeon field theory for every day: Pomeron loops included, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2009) 109.
  39. A. K. Kohara, E. Ferreira, T. Kodama, and M. Rangel, Elastic amplitudes studied with the LHC measurements at 7 and 8 TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 877 (2017).
  40. A. K. Kohara, E. Ferreira, and M. Rangel, The interplay of hadronic amplitudes and Coulomb phase in LHC measurements at 13 TeV, Phys. Lett. B 789, 1 (2019).
  41. H. G. Dosch, E. Ferreira, and A. Kramer, Nonperturbative QCD treatment of high-energy hadron-hadron scattering, Phys. Rev. D 50, 1992 (1994).
  42. F. Nemes and T. Csorgo, Detailed analysis of pp elastic scattering data in the quark-diquark model from s=23.5  GeV to 7 TeV, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 27, 1250175 (2012).
  43. T. Csorgo and F. Nemes, Elastic scattering of protons from s=23.5  GeV to 7 TeV from a generalized Bialas-Bzdak model, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 29, 1450019 (2014).
  44. A. Martin, A theorem on the real part of the high-energy scattering amplitude near the forward direction, Phys. Lett. B 404, 137 (1997).
  45. A. K. Kohara, Forward scattering amplitudes of pp and p¯p with crossing symmetry and scaling properties, J. Phys. G 46, 125001 (2019).
  46. UA1 Collaboration, Elastic and total cross section measurement at the CERN proton-antiproton collider, Phys. Lett. 128B, 336 (1983).
  47. Breakstone et al., Measurement of p¯p and pp elastic scattering in the dip region at s = 53 GeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2180 (1985).
  48. A. K. Kohara, Elastic and diffractive scattering of hadrons at high energies, Ph.D. thesis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015.
  49. R. L. Workman et al., Review of particle physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022, 083C01 (2022).
  50. E. Ferreira, A. K. Kohara, and J. Sesma, Structure of forward pp and p¯p elastic amplitudes at low energies, Phys. Rev. D 98, 094029 (2018).
  51. D. A. Fagundes, M. J. Menon, and P. V. R. G. Silva, Leading components in forward elastic hadron scattering: Derivative dispersion relations and asymptotic uniqueness, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 32, 1750184 (2017).
  52. R. F. Avila and M. J. Menon, Critical analysis of derivative dispersion relations at high-energies, Nucl. Phys. A744, 249 (2004).
  53. R. F. Avila and M. J. Menon, Derivative dispersion relations above the physical threshold, Braz. J. Phys. 37, 358 (2007).
  54. Anderson Kendi Kohara, Observation of two zeros of the real amplitude in pp scattering at LHC energies, Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 126 (2023).
  55. O. V. Selyugin, New properties of elastic pp and p¯p scattering at high energies, Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 649 (2024).
  56. V. Alessandrini, D. Amati, and M. Ciafaloni, Classical kinks and their quantization in supercritical reggeon field theory, Nucl. Phys. B130, 429 (1977).
  57. H. D. I. Abarbanel, J. D. Bronzan, R. L. Sugar, and A. R. White, Reggeon field theory: Formulation and use, Phys. Rep. 21, 119 (1975).
  58. D. Amati, M. Le Bellac, G. Marchesini, and M. Ciafaloni, Reggeon field theory for α(0)>1, Nucl. Phys. B112, 107 (1976).
  59. V. Alessandrini, D. Amati, and R. Jengo, One-dimensional quantum theory of the Pomeron, Nucl. Phys. B108, 425 (1976).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation