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Wave-function-based operator optimization for two-hadron systems in lattice QCD

Yan Lyu1,*, Sinya Aoki2,3,†, Takumi Doi1,‡, Tetsuo Hatsuda1,4,§, Kotaro Murakami5,1,∥, and Takuya Sugiura6,1,¶

  • *Contact author: yan.lyu@riken.jp
  • †Contact author: saoki@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp
  • ‡Contact author: doi@ribf.riken.jp
  • §Contact author: thatsuda@riken.jp
  • ∥Contact author: kotaro.murakami@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp
  • Contact author: sugiura@rcnp.osaka-u.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 014506 – Published 22 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xypg-l2nz

Abstract

A systematic way to constructing optimized interpolating operators for two-hadron systems is developed by incorporating interhadron spatial wave functions. The wave functions can be obtained from an iterative process with an appropriate initial guess. To implement these operators, a novel quark smearing technique utilizing Z3 noise vectors is proposed, which allows for effectively incorporating interhadron spatial wave functions at the source without using all-to-all quark propagators. Proof-of-principle application to the ΩcccΩccc system using physical-point lattice configurations with a large size La≃8.1  fm demonstrates that optimized operators outperform combinations of limited plane wave operators in the variational analysis, enabling clear identification of states around 2mΩccc≃9700  MeV with the energy gap as narrow as ∼5  MeV. A comparison on correlation functions, effective energies, and HAL QCD potentials between unoptimized operators and optimized operators is given, with a special emphasis on the effects from nearby elastic scattering states. Potential applicability of the optimized operator to various two-hadron systems and its relation to the variational method are also discussed.

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Decoding two-particle states in QCD with spatial wavefunctions

Yan Lyu, Sinya Aoki, Takumi Doi, Tetsuo Hatsuda, Kotaro Murakami, and Takuya Sugiura
Phys. Rev. D 114, L011503 (2026)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 014506– Published 22 July, 2026
  • Received 20 July 2025
  • Accepted 10 June 2026
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