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  • Open Access

Elliptic anisotropy from quantum diffraction

Erik Carrió* and Daniel Pablos†

  • *Contact author: erikcarrioubeda@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: pablosdaniel@uniovi.es
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 014015 – Published 6 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xrl1-vx1v

Abstract

The surprising manifestation of collectivity in small collision systems, such as nucleon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleus collisions, is perhaps even more striking when discussed at higher momenta. In larger systems, high-pT elliptic anisotropy is understood as a selection bias effect due to the smaller energy loss experienced along the shorter direction that aligns with the event plane. However, in small systems the amount of energy loss appears insufficient to reproduce the sizable angular anisotropy observed experimentally. In this work, we explore a new mechanism generating preferred orientations for energetic particles without the need of energy loss. We exploit a simple model that is based on two basic although inalienable ingredients: geometry and quantum mechanics. Our findings suggest that this sum-over-paths mechanism can provide a relevant contribution to so-called flow coefficients of energetic particles traversing deconfined media of any size.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 014015– Published 6 July, 2026
  • Received 31 March 2026
  • Accepted 12 June 2026
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