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Asymptotic symmetry and confinement in three-dimensional QED

Keito Shimizu* and Sotaro Sugishita†

  • Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

  • *Contact author: kate@gauge.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp
  • †Contact author: sotaro@gauge.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 105001 – Published 3 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/x92g-9w2h

Abstract

We investigate the asymptotic symmetries of quantum electrodynamics in three dimensions, demonstrating that their actions on asymptotic states are trivial under the assumption of confinement.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 105001– Published 3 November, 2025
  • Received 31 March 2025
  • Accepted 14 October 2025
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