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Signal selection and model-independent extraction of the neutrino neutral-current single π+ cross section with the T2K experiment

K. Abe61, S. Abe61, R. Akutsu16, H. Alarakia-Charles34, Y. I. Alj Hakim55, S. Alonso Monsalve9, L. Anthony21, S. Aoki32, K. A. Apte21 et al. (T2K Collaboration)

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Pupilli24, B. Quilain28,36, P. T. Quyen20,††, E. Radicioni22, B. Radics74, M. A. Ramirez48, R. Ramsden31, P. N. Ratoff34, M. Reh6, G. Reina19, C. Riccio43, D. W. Riley13, E. Rondio42, S. Roth52, N. Roy74, A. Rubbia9, L. Russo58, A. Rychter69, W. Saenz58, K. Sakashita16,‡, F. Sánchez12, E. M. Sandford37, Y. Sato65, T. Schefke38, C. M. Schloesser12, K. Scholberg7,§, M. Scott21, Y. Seiya46,‡‡, T. Sekiguchi16,‡, H. Sekiya61,29,§, T. Sekiya64, D. Seppala40, D. Sgalaberna9, A. Shaikhiev26, M. Shiozawa61,29, Y. Shiraishi45, A. Shvartsman26, N. Skrobova26, K. Skwarczynski51, D. Smyczek52, M. Smy4, J. T. Sobczyk72, H. Sobel4,29, F. J. P. Soler13, A. J. Speers34, R. Spina22, A. Srivastava19, P. Stowell55, Y. Stroke26, I. A. Suslov39, A. Suzuki32, S. Y. Suzuki16,‡, M. Tada16,‡, S. Tairafune70, A. Takeda61, Y. Takeuchi32,29, H. K. Tanaka61,§, H. Tanigawa16, V. V. Tereshchenko39, N. Thamm52, N. Tran33, T. Tsukamoto16,‡, M. Tzanov38, Y. Uchida21, M. Vagins29,4, M. Varghese18, I. Vasilyev39, G. Vasseur5, E. Villa11,12, U. Virginet58, T. Vladisavljevic44, T. Wachala15, D. Wakabayashi70, H. T. Wallace55, J. G. Walsh40, L. Wan2, D. Wark44,47, M. O. Wascko47,44, A. Weber19, R. Wendell33, M. J. Wilking53, C. Wilkinson35, J. R. Wilson31, K. Wood35, C. Wret21, J. Xia57, K. Yamamoto46,‡‡, T. Yamamoto46, Y. Yang47, T. Yano61, N. Yershov26, U. Yevarouskaya43, M. Yokoyama60,§, Y. Yoshimoto60, N. Yoshimura33, R. Zaki74, A. Zalewska15, J. Zalipska42, G. Zarnecki15, J. Zhang66,3, X. Y. Zhao9, H. Zheng43, H. Zhong32, T. Zhu21, M. Ziembicki69, E. D. Zimmerman6, M. Zito58, and S. Zsoldos31 (T2K Collaboration)

  • 1University Autonoma Madrid, Department of Theoretical Physics, 28049 Madrid, Spain
  • 2Boston University, Department of Physics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • 3University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • 4University of California, Irvine, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Irvine, California, USA
  • 5IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 6University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  • 7Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, North Carolina, USA
  • 8Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest, Hungary
  • 9ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
  • 10VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 11CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Genéve 23, Switzerland
  • 12University of Geneva, Section de Physique, DPNC, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 13University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • 14Ghent University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
  • 15H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
  • 16High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
  • 17University of Houston, Department of Physics, Houston, Texas, USA
  • 18Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 19Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
  • 20Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
  • 21Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
  • 22INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Bari, Italy
  • 23INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Dipartimento di Fisica, Napoli, Italy
  • 24INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy
  • 25INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Roma, Italy
  • 26Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  • 27International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 28ILANCE, CNRS—University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
  • 29Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
  • 30Keio University, Department of Physics, Kanagawa, Japan
  • 31King’s College London, Department of Physics, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
  • 32Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  • 33Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
  • 34Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  • 35Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
  • 36Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France
  • 37University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • 38Louisiana State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
  • 39Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • 40Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • 41Miyagi University of Education, Department of Physics, Sendai, Japan
  • 42National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
  • 43State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
  • 44STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
  • 45Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama, Japan
  • 46Osaka Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Osaka, Japan
  • 47Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • 48University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
  • 49University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
  • 50University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, USA
  • 51Royal Holloway University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • 52RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
  • 53School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
  • 54Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
  • 55University of Sheffield, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  • 56University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, Katowice, Poland
  • 57SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • 58Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France
  • 59South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
  • 60University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
  • 61University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
  • 62University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Kashiwa, Japan
  • 63Institute of Science Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
  • 64Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
  • 65Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Noda, Chiba, Japan
  • 66TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • 67University of Toyama, Department of Physics, Toyama, Japan
  • 68University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw, Poland
  • 69Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  • 70Tohoku University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Miyagi, Japan
  • 71University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
  • 72Wroclaw University, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw, Poland
  • 73Yokohama National University, Department of Physics, Yokohama, Japan
  • 74York University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  • *Also at Université Paris-Saclay.
  • †Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
  • ‡Also at J-PARC, Tokai, Japan.
  • §Affiliated member at Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Japan.
  • ∥Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI,” Moscow, Russia.
  • Also at IPSA-DRII, France.
  • **Also at JINR, Dubna, Russia.
  • ††Also at the Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
  • ‡‡Also at Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP).
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 072008 – Published 23 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/wcn1-4tyl

Abstract

This article presents a study of single π+ production in neutrino neutral-current interactions (NC1π+) using the FGD1 hydrocarbon target of the ND280 detector of the T2K experiment. We report the largest sample of such events selected by any experiment, providing the first new data for this channel in over four decades and the first using a sub-GeV neutrino flux. The signal selection strategy and its performance are detailed together with validations of a robust cross section extraction methodology. The measured flux-averaged integrated cross-section is σ=(6.07±1.22)×10−41  cm2/nucleon, 1.3σ above the NEUT v5.4.0 expectation.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

First Differential Measurement of the Single π+ Production Cross Section in Neutrino Neutral-Current Scattering

K. Abe et al. (T2K Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 171803 (2025)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 072008– Published 23 October, 2025
  • Received 20 March 2025
  • Accepted 22 August 2025
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