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  • Open Access

Probing Lorentz invariance violation in Z boson mass measurements at high-energy colliders

J. Jejelava1,2,* and Z. Kepuladze1,2,†

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
  • 2Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, TSU, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia

  • *Contact author: juansher.jejelava@iliauni.edu.ge, juansher.jejelava@cern.ch
  • †Contact author: zurab.kepuladze.1@iliauni.edu.ge, zkepuladze@yahoo.com

Phys. Rev. D 113, 075011 – Published 9 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vfjv-7v9n

Abstract

We propose a minimal extension of the Standard Model by introducing a Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) term into the Z boson’s dispersion relation, expressed as pμpμ=MZ2+δLIV(pμnμ)2, where δLIV defines the violation scale and nμ is a unit Lorentz vector specifying the direction of the violation. This perturbative modification alters the Z boson propagator and decay rate, impacting the Drell-Yan process cross section at high-energy colliders. Observable effects are most pronounced near the resonance region at high rapidities (|Y|>4), potentially shifting the perceived Z boson mass in general LIV cases and inducing additional sidereal-time modulations for spacelike and lightlike LIV due to the Earth’s rotation relative to distant stars. We outline a targeted search strategy for ATLAS and CMS, achieving sensitivity to LIV signatures down to |δLIV|≈10−8 (or even 10−9 in an optimistic scenario), offering a fresh perspective on historical and future collider data. Our model predicts that, in experiments with higher collision energies (and thus greater rapidities), the conventionally reconstructed weak boson mass exhibits a systematic shift. This could be particularly intriguing in the historical context of Tevatron and LHC weak boson mass measurements, where the discrepancy in W mass measurements aligns with our LIV scenario.

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