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Trimaximal mixing patterns meet the first JUNO result

Di Zhang*

  • *Contact author: di1.zhang@tum.de
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 055035 – Published 23 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/t3w7-y9r3

Abstract

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment has recently released its first measurement results based on 59.1 days of data, achieving unprecedented precision in measuring the lepton mixing angle θ12. This significant improvement places stringent constraints on certain neutrino mass models and flavor mixing patterns. In this work, we examine the impact of the latest JUNO results on the two trimaximal (i.e., TM1 and TM2) mixing patterns. They are two well-motivated variants of the tribimaximal mixing pattern and predict specific correlations between θ12 and θ13. After taking into account the first JUNO results, the TM1 mixing pattern sits on the edge of the experimentally allowed 1σ region, while the TM2 mixing pattern lies outside the 3σ region. To reconcile these TM mixing patterns with the latest experimental data, we further investigate the renormalization group (RG) running effects on them in the both Majorana and Dirac neutrino cases. Our analytical and numerical results show that RG corrections can bring the two TM mixing patterns into excellent agreement with the latest JUNO data if neutrino masses are quasidegenerate. However, the Majorana case faces severe constraints from neutrinoless double beta decay limits, and particularly, the TM2 mixing pattern with Majorana neutrinos has been essentially ruled out. In the Dirac case, the TM1 mixing pattern is fully consistent with current data including beta decay results, whereas the TM2 pattern is strongly constrained by the KATRIN limit and even could be largely ruled out if the KATRIN experiment reaches its final sensitivity without any discovery. Future high-precision measurements of lepton mixing parameters and absolute neutrino masses in both oscillation and nonoscillation experiments will provide decisive tests of these mixing patterns.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 055035– Published 23 March, 2026
  • Received 25 November 2025
  • Accepted 5 March 2026
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