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Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmological constraints from second- and third-order shear statistics

R. C. H. Gomes1, S. Sugiyama1, B. Jain1, M. Jarvis1, D. Anbajagane2, A. Halder3,4,5,6, G. A. Marques7,8,9, S. Pandey10, J. Marshall11 et al. (DES Collaboration)

J. Marshall11, A. Alarcon12, A. Amon13, K. Bechtol14, M. Becker12, G. Bernstein1, A. Campos15, R. Cawthon16, C. Chang9,2, R. Chen17, A. Choi18, J. Cordero19, C. Davis20, J. Derose21, S. Dodelson22,2,23,9, C. Doux24, K. Eckert1, F. Elsner25, J. Elvin-Poole26,27, S. Everett28, A. Ferté29,30, M. Gatti9, G. Giannini31,32, D. Gruen33,34, I. Harrison35, K. Herner23, E. M. Huff36, D. Huterer37,38, N. Kuropatkin23, P. F. Leget39, N. Maccrann40,41, J. Mccullough13,42,43, J. Muir20, J. Myles13, A. Navarro Alsina44,45, J. Prat46, M. Raveri47, R. P. Rollins48, A. Roodman42,43, A. J. Ross49, E. S. Rykoff20,43, C. Sánchez50,51, L. F. Secco9, E. Sheldon52, T. Shin53, M. Troxel17, I. Tutusaus54, T. N. Varga55,56,57, B. Yanny58, B. Yin59, Y. Zhang60, J. Zuntz61, M. Aguena62,63, F. Andrade-Oliveira64, D. Bacon65, J. Blazek66, S. Bocquet67, D. Brooks25, A. Carnero Rosell68,63,69, J. Carretero70, M. Costanzi71,62,72, L. da Costa63, M. E. da Silva Pereira73, T. M. Davis74, J. De Vicente75, H. T. Diehl76, B. Flaugher76, J. Frieman2,76,9, G. Gutierrez76, S. R. Hinton74, D. L. Hollowood77, K. Honscheid78,79,80, D. J. James81, N. Jeffrey25, S. Lee36, J. Mena-Fernández82, R. Miquel83,70, R. L. C. Ogando84,85, A. A. Plazas Malagón20,43, A. Porredon75,86, E. Sanchez75, D. Sanchez Cid75, S. Samuroff66, M. Smith87, E. Suchyta88, M. E. C. Swanson89, D. Thomas65, V. Vikram90, J. Weller56,91, and M. Yamamoto13 (DES Collaboration)

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
  • 2Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 3Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
  • 4Jesus College, Jesus Lane, Cambridge, CB5 8BL, United Kingdom
  • 5Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
  • 6University Observatory, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Scheinerstraße 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
  • 7Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, R. Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150—Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro—RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
  • 8Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
  • 9Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 10Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, USA
  • 11George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
  • 12Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
  • 13Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
  • 14Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
  • 15Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA
  • 16Physics Department, William Jewell College, Liberty, Missouri 64068, USA
  • 17Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
  • 18NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
  • 19Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
  • 20Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 21Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 22McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
  • 23Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
  • 24Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
  • 25Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
  • 26Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 27Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 28California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 29SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • 30Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
  • 31Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
  • 32Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 33Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstraße 1, 81679 München, Germany
  • 34Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
  • 35School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, Wales CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
  • 36Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
  • 37Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 38University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 39LPNHE, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Universite, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, F-75005, Paris, France
  • 40DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
  • 41Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
  • 42Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 43SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
  • 44Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859, Campinas, SP, Brazil
  • 45Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, Brazil
  • 46Nordita, Stockholm University and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
  • 47Department of Physics and INFN, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
  • 48Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
  • 49Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 3210, USA
  • 50Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 51Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 52Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg 510, Upton, New York 11973, USA
  • 53Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
  • 54Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
  • 55Excellence Cluster Origins, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
  • 56Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85748 Garching, Germany
  • 57Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, LudwigMaximilians Universität München, Scheinerstraße 1, 81679 München, Germany
  • 58Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, Illinois, 60510, USA
  • 59Department of Physics, Duke University Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
  • 60NSF National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
  • 61Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
  • 62INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
  • 63Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Avenida Pastor Martin Luther King Jr, 126 Del Castilho, Nova América Offices, Torre 3000/sala 817 CEP: 20765-000, Brazil
  • 64Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
  • 65Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
  • 66Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
  • 67University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstraße 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
  • 68Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
  • 69Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
  • 70Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
  • 71Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
  • 72Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
  • 73Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
  • 74School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
  • 75Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
  • 76Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
  • 77Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
  • 78Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
  • 79Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
  • 80The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 Ohio, USA
  • 81Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
  • 82LPSC Grenoble—53, Avenue des Martyrs 38026 Grenoble, France
  • 83Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
  • 84Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, Campinas, SP, Brazil—13069-901
  • 85Observatório Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil—20921-400
  • 86Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, German Centre for Cosmological Lensing, 44780 Bochum, Germany
  • 87School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
  • 88Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
  • 89Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
  • 90Department of Physics, Central University of Kerala, 93VR+RWF, CUK Rd, Kerala 671316, India
  • 91Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 123515 – Published 4 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/sxlz-t9gb

Abstract

We present a cosmological analysis of the third-order aperture mass statistic using Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3) data. We perform a complete tomographic measurement of the three-point correlation function of the Y3 weak lensing shape catalog with the four fiducial source redshift bins. Building upon our companion methodology paper, we apply a pipeline that combines the two-point function ξ± with the mass aperture skewness statistic ⟨Map3⟩, which is an efficient compression of the full shear three-point function. We use a suite of simulated shear maps to obtain a joint covariance matrix. By jointly analyzing ξ± and ⟨Map3⟩ measured from DES Y3 data with a ΛCDM model, we find S8=0.780±0.015 and Ωm=0.266−0.040+0.039, yielding 111% of figure-of-merit improvement in the Ωm−S8 plane relative to ξ± alone, consistent with expectations from simulated likelihood analyses. With a wCDM model, we find S8=0.749−0.026+0.027 and w0=−1.39±0.31, which gives an improvement of 22% on the joint S8−w0 constraint. Our results are consistent with w0=−1. Our new constraints are compared to CMB data from the Planck satellite, and we find that with the inclusion of ⟨Map3⟩ the existing tension between the datasets is at the level of 2.3σ. We show that the third-order statistic enables us to self-calibrate the mean photometric redshift uncertainty parameter of the highest redshift bin with little degradation in the figure of merit. Our results demonstrate the constraining power of higher-order lensing statistics and establish ⟨Map3⟩ as a practical observable for joint analyses in current and future surveys.

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See Also

Cosmology with second- and third-order shear statistics for the Dark Energy Survey: Methods and simulated analysis

R. C. H. Gomes et al. (DES Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. D 112, 123514 (2025)

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 123515– Published 4 December, 2025
  • Received 29 August 2025
  • Accepted 11 November 2025
Article part of CHORUS
Accepted manuscript will be available starting 4 December, 2026.
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