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  • Open Access

Thread embodiment of holographic quantum entanglement

Yi-Yu Lin*

  • *Contact author: yiyu@simis.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 026018 – Published 22 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qpjk-nmtr

Abstract

This paper systematically develops the concept of entanglement threads that characterize the entanglement structure of holographic duality. Behind this framework lies a simple philosophy: holographic quantum entanglement can be visualized using threadlike objects. Inspired by the fact that tensor network models can be deformed into a quantum circuit form with flow-conserving features, we abstract the concept of entanglement threads. These entanglement threads can be understood as a preset ensemble of wires in a holographic quantum circuit, and we propose that they characterize the underlying partially ordered structure of holographic quantum entanglement. Combining the concepts of entanglement threads and kinematic space, a elegant circuit interpretation for the holographic complexity is provided. We also clarify the connection and distinction between entanglement threads and the previously proposed concept of bit threads.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 026018– Published 22 January, 2026
  • Received 28 May 2025
  • Accepted 24 December 2025
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