- Open Access
swap for a (2, ) minimal string
Phys. Rev. D 112, 046019 – Published 22 August, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pd2y-j2x5
Abstract
We continue the study of 2D gravity—“matrix model” duality on the example of a minimal string. We propose a reformulation of the duality, related to a more conventional one by “ swap” in the language of topological recursion. This formulation elucidates some conceptual and technical difficulties in the dictionary of the duality and relation to other examples. In particular, it allows to circumvent the necessity to use “resonance transformations,” which were previously introduced to match the world sheet and “matrix model” correlators, and the expressions for minimal string amplitudes in this approach are reminiscent of the ones obtained recently for “complex Liouville string” theory. Using this new approach, we also formulate a conjecture on how one can compute amplitudes with operators other than tachyons in the dual theory.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (47)
- A. A. Belavin and A. B. Zamolodchikov, On correlation numbers in 2D minimal gravity and matrix models, J. Phys. A 42, 304004 (2009).
- S. Collier, L. Eberhardt, B. Mühlmann, and V. A. Rodriguez, The Virasoro minimal string, SciPost Phys. 16, 057 (2024).
- S. Collier, L. Eberhardt, B. Mühlmann, and V. A. Rodriguez, The complex Liouville string: The worldsheet, arXiv:2409.18759.
- S. Collier, L. Eberhardt, B. Mühlmann, and V. A. Rodriguez, The complex Liouville string: The matrix integral, SciPost Phys. 18, 154 (2025).
- B. Eynard, Intersection numbers of spectral curves, arXiv:1104.0176.
- S. Kharchev and A. Marshakov, On p-q duality and explicit solutions in 2-d gravity models, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 10, 1219 (1995).
- M. Fukuma, H. Kawai, and R. Nakayama, Explicit solution for p-q duality in two-dimensional quantum gravity, Commun. Math. Phys. 148, 101 (1992).
- A. Alexandrov, B. Bychkov, P. Dunin-Barkowski, M. Kazarian, and S. Shadrin, A universal formula for the swap in topological recursion, J. Eur. Math. Soc. 10.4171/JEMS/1615, 2025.
- V. G. Knizhnik, A. M. Polyakov, and A. B. Zamolodchikov, Fractal structure of 2D quantum gravity, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 03, 819 (1988).
- A. B. Zamolodchikov and A. B. Zamolodchikov, Structure constants and conformal bootstrap in Liouville field theory, Nucl. Phys. B477, 577 (1996).
- A. B. Zamolodchikov, Three-point function in the minimal Liouville gravity, Theor. Math. Phys. 142, 183 (2005).
- J. Polchinski, String Theory, Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics Vol. 1 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1998).
- B. H. Lian and G. J. Zuckerman, Semi-infinite homology and 2D gravity. I, Commun. Math. Phys. 145, 561 (1992).
- E. Witten, Ground ring of two-dimensional string theory, Nucl. Phys. B373, 187 (1992).
- C. Imbimbo, S. Mahapatra, and S. Mukhi, Construction of physical states of non-trivial ghost number in string theory, Nucl. Phys. B375, 399 (1992).
- A. A. Belavin and A. B. Zamolodchikov, Integrals over moduli spaces, ground ring, and four-point function in minimal Liouville gravity, Theor. Math. Phys. 147, 729 (2006).
- A. Zamolodchikov, Higher equations of motion in Liouville field theory, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 19, 510 (2004).
- K. Aleshkin and V. Belavin, On the construction of the correlation numbers in minimal Liouville gravity, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2016) 142.
- A. Artemev and V. Belavin, Torus one-point correlation numbers in minimal Liouville gravity, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2023) 116.
- D. S. Eniceicu, R. Mahajan, C. Murdia, and A. Sen, Multi-instantons in minimal string theory and in matrix integrals, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2022) 065.
- P. Gregori and R. Schiappa, From minimal strings towards Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity: On their resurgence, resonance, and black holes, Classical Quantum Gravity 41, 115001 (2024).
- B. Eynard and N. Orantin, Invariants of algebraic curves and topological expansion, Commun. Number Theor. Phys. 1, 347 (2007).
- N. Seiberg and D. Shih, Branes, rings and matrix models in minimal (super)string theory, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2004) 021.
- A. Marshakov, On Krichever tau-function and Verlinde formula, Phys. Lett. B 859, 139126 (2024).
- I. M. Krichever, The tau function of the universal Whitham hierarchy, matrix models and topological field theories, Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 47, 437 (1994).
- A. Alexandrov, B. Bychkov, P. Dunin-Barkowski, M. Kazarian, and S. Shadrin, KP integrability through the swap relation, Sel. Math. Sov. 31, 42 (2025).
- G. Tarnopolsky, Five-point correlation numbers in one-matrix model, J. Phys. A 44, 325401 (2011).
- A. Belavin and G. Tarnopolsky, Two dimensional gravity in genus one in matrix models, topological and Liouville approaches, JETP Lett. 92, 257 (2010).
- A. Artemev and I. Chaban, (2, ) minimal string and intersection theory I, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2025) 151.
- T. G. Mertens and G. J. Turiaci, Liouville quantum gravity—holography, JT and matrices, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2021) 073.
- V. Belavin and Y. Rud, Matrix model approach to minimal Liouville gravity revisited, J. Phys. A 48, 18FT01 (2015).
- E. P. Verlinde, Fusion rules and modular transformations in 2D conformal field theory, Nucl. Phys. B300, 360 (1988).
- D. Zvonkine, An Introduction to Moduli Spaces of Curves and their Intersection Theory (2012), 10.4171/103-1/12.
- P. Dunin-Barkowski, N. Orantin, S. Shadrin, and L. Spitz, Identification of the Givental formula with the spectral curve topological recursion procedure, Commun. Math. Phys. 328, 669 (2014).
- M. Mirzakhani, Simple geodesics and Weil-Petersson volumes of moduli spaces of bordered Riemann surfaces, Inventiones Mathematicae 167, 179 (2006).
- P. Saad, S. H. Shenker, and D. Stanford, JT gravity as a matrix integral, arXiv:1903.11115.
- L. Eberhardt and G. J. Turiaci, 2D dilaton gravity and the Weil-Petersson volumes with conical defects, Commun. Math. Phys. 405, 103 (2024).
- L. Anagnostou, S. Mullane, and P. Norbury, Weil-Petersson volumes, stability conditions and wall-crossing, arXiv:2310.13281.
- A. Artemev, Note on large-p limit of minimal Liouville gravity and moduli space volumes, Nucl. Phys. B981, 115876 (2022).
- G. J. Turiaci, M. Usatyuk, and W. W. Weng, 2D dilaton-gravity, deformations of the minimal string, and matrix models, Classical Quantum Gravity 38, 204001 (2021).
- R. Mazzeo and H. Weiss, Teichmüller theory for conic surfaces, arXiv:1509.07608.
- D. Harlow, J. Maltz, and E. Witten, Analytic continuation of Liouville theory, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2011) 071.
- A. Artemev and A. Belavin, Five-point correlation numbers in minimal Liouville gravity and matrix models, Nucl. Phys. B985, 116019 (2022).
- B. Balthazar, V. A. Rodriguez, and X. Yin, The string theory S-matrix revisited, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2019) 145.
- A. Artemev and V. Belavin (to be published).
- A. B. Zamolodchikov, Conformal symmetry in two-dimensional space: Recursion representation of conformal block, Theor. Math. Phys. 73, 1088 (1987).
- A. B. Zamolodchikov, Conformal symmetry in two dimensions: An explicit recurrence formula for the conformal partial wave amplitude, Commun. Math. Phys. 96, 419 (1984).