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Complete classification of domain wall solutions in the Z2-symmetric 2HDM

Richard A. Battye*, Steven J. Cotterill†, and Adam K. Thomasson‡

  • *Contact author: richard.battye@manchester.ac.uk
  • †Contact author: steven.cotterill@manchester.ac.uk
  • ‡Contact author: adam.thomasson@manchester.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 115015 – Published 4 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/p1sq-38cc

Abstract

We present a complete classification of domain wall solutions in the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) with a global Z2 symmetry, categorized as superconducting, CP-violating, or neither, depending on the scalar particle masses and the ratio of the two Higgs doublets’ vacuum expectation values. We demonstrate that any domain wall solution can be reduced to depend on only six of the eight general field components, with further field reductions possible within different regions of the parameter space. Furthermore, we show that the superconducting solutions can be used to construct stable, current-carrying domain walls in two spatial dimensions. Similarly, the CP-violating solutions allow for two-dimensional configurations where CP symmetry is locally broken on the Z2-symmetric wall, which could provide an out-of-equilibrium environment for CP-violating processes to occur.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 115015– Published 4 December, 2025
  • Received 28 September 2025
  • Accepted 18 November 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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