- Open Access
Unitarity limits on triple gauge boson production
Phys. Rev. D 113, 073006 – Published 21 April, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/n529-w187
Abstract
We derive the unitarity constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings originating from the channel with , , , and . We also assess the importance of these bounds on the present and future experimental searches.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (29)
- M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of exclusive production and search for exclusive Higgs boson production in collisions at using the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 94, 032011 (2016).
- A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS, TOTEM Collaborations), Search for high-mass exclusive and production in proton-proton collisions at , J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2022) 229.
- M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Study of and production in collisions at and search for anomalous quartic gauge couplings with the ATLAS experiment, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 646 (2017).
- G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Observation of production in collisions at with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 061803 (2022).
- G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of production in pp collisions at with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 539 (2023).
- G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Observation of production at with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 866, 139527 (2025).
- G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Observation of production in collisions at with the ATLAS detector and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings, Phys. Lett. B 873, 140050 (2026).
- S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Search for and production and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in collisions at , Phys. Rev. D 90, 032008 (2014).
- A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurements of the pp and cross sections at and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2021) 174.
- A. Hayrapetyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Observation of production and search for production in proton-proton collisions at , Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 121901 (2024).
- V. Chekhovsky et al. (CMS Collaboration), Observation of production and constraints on new physics scenarios in proton-proton collisions at , Phys. Rev. D 112, 012009 (2025).
- M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Measurement of vector-boson scattering and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 96, 012007 (2017).
- G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Search for the electroweak diboson production in association with a high-mass dijet system in semileptonic final states in collisions at with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 100, 032007 (2019).
- A. Lenz, M. L. Piscopo, and A. V. Rusov (ATLAS Collaboration), Differential cross-section measurements of the production of four charged leptons in association with two jets using the ATLAS detector, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2023) 004.
- A. Hayrapetyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Vector boson scattering and anomalous quartic couplings in final states with or plus jets using proton-proton collisions at , J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2026) 022.
- E. d. S. Almeida, O. J. P. Éboli, and M. C. Gonzalez–Garcia, Unitarity constraints on anomalous quartic couplings, Phys. Rev. D 101, 113003 (2020).
- K. Arnold et al., VBFNLO: A Parton level Monte Carlo for processes with electroweak bosons, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180, 1661 (2009).
- W. Buchmuller and D. Wyler, Effective Lagrangian analysis of new interactions and flavor conservation, Nucl. Phys. B268, 621 (1986).
- C. N. Leung, S. T. Love, and S. Rao, Low-energy manifestations of a new interaction scale: Operator analysis, Z. Phys. C 31, 433 (1986).
- A. De Rujula, M. B. Gavela, P. Hernandez, and E. Masso, The selfcouplings of vector bosons: Does LEP-1 obviate LEP-2?, Nucl. Phys. B384, 3 (1992).
- K. Hagiwara, S. Ishihara, R. Szalapski, and D. Zeppenfeld, Low-energy effects of new interactions in the electroweak boson sector, Phys. Rev. D 48, 2182 (1993).
- M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, Anomalous Higgs couplings, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 14, 3121 (1999).
- B. Grzadkowski, M. Iskrzynski, M. Misiak, and J. Rosiek, Dimension-six terms in the standard model Lagrangian, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2010) 085.
- G. Passarino, NLO inspired effective Lagrangians for Higgs physics, Nucl. Phys. B868, 416 (2013).
- O. J. P. Éboli, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, and J. K. Mizukoshi, and at and for the study of the quartic electroweak gauge boson vertex at CERN LHC, Phys. Rev. D 74, 073005 (2006).
- O. J. P. Éboli and M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, Classifying the bosonic quartic couplings, Phys. Rev. D 93, 093013 (2016).
- G. Durieux, G. N. Remmen, N. L. Rodd, O. J. P. Éboli, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, D. Kondo, H. Murayama, and R. Okabe, LHC EFT WG note: Basis for anomalous quartic gauge couplings, SciPost Phys. Comm. Rep. 6 (2025).
- L. C. Bresciani, G. Levati, and P. Paradisi, Amplitudes and partial wave unitarity bounds, arXiv:2504.12855.
- J. Elias Miró, J. Ingoldby, and M. Riembau, EFT anomalous dimensions from the -matrix, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2020) 163.