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Vacuum pair production in spatially asymmetric time-oscillating electric fields

Mamat Ali Bake1,* and Obulkasim Olugh2

  • 1Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
  • 2Department of Forensic Science and Technology, Xinjiang Police College, Urumqi 830011, China

  • *Contact author: mabake@xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 016030 – Published 31 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/myr3-ql9h

Abstract

We investigate electron-positron pair production from the quantum vacuum in spatially asymmetric, oscillating electric fields using the Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism in 1+1 dimensions. The electric field is strongly space-time dependent [E(x,t)ex] and characterized by both spatial asymmetry and temporal oscillations. The temporal dynamics incorporate multiple modulation mechanisms, including variations in central frequency, frequency chirping, and phase modulation. Our results show that spatial asymmetry significantly enhances pair production compared to symmetric field configurations. Furthermore, optimal tuning of temporal parameters, such as the frequency ω and chirp parameter b, can further amplify the yield. For ω≳0.4m, the momentum spectra exhibit oscillatory structures dominated by multiphoton processes, whereas low-frequency fields (ω≲0.3m) result in tunneling-dominated Gaussian distributions. Chirped fields introduce spectral asymmetry and interference patterns, with peak yields increasing by up to a factor of 9 for ω=0.7m and b=0.5ω/τ. These findings offer a promising approach for optimizing vacuum pair production in experimentally realizable spatiotemporal field configurations.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 016030– Published 31 July, 2025
  • Received 11 May 2025
  • Accepted 16 July 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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