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Determination of the pion generalized parton distributions at zero skewness

Muhammad Goharipour1,2,*, M. H. Amiri3, Fatemeh Irani3, Hadi Hashamipour4, and K. Azizi3,5,2 (MMGPDs Collaboration)

  • *Contact author: muhammad.goharipour@ipm.ir
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 114046 – Published 26 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lyh6-727b

Abstract

We perform a global QCD analysis of the pion electromagnetic form factor (FF) data from pion electroproduction and elastic pion scattering to extract the valence pion generalized parton distributions (GPDs) at zero skewness. The analysis uses three different sets of pion parton distribution functions (PDFs), namely, xFitter, JAM21, and MAP23, to construct the GPD ansatz. Through a χ2 minimization and a careful parametrization scan, we determine the profile function parameters and find that only two parameters are sufficient to describe the data. The extracted valence pion GPDs from different analyses have similar x-dependence, with minor differences at small momentum transfer. The resulting theoretical predictions for the pion electromagnetic FF and its squared magnitude show good agreement with experimental measurements. Among the three analyses, the one using the MAP23 PDFs provides the best overall fit and is adopted as the final GPD set. Our results offer a consistent determination of the valence pion GPDs, indicating a minor impact of the choice of pion PDFs. The present study provides a solid foundation for future investigations of pion structure, including its charge radius, tomography, and mechanical properties.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 114046– Published 26 December, 2025
  • Received 20 August 2025
  • Accepted 10 December 2025
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