Open Access

Measurements of differential charged-current cross sections on argon for electron neutrinos with final-state protons in MicroBooNE

P. Abratenko ³⁸, D. Andrade Aldana ¹⁴, J. Asaadi ³⁷, A. Ashkenazi ³⁶, S. Balasubramanian¹², B. Baller ¹², A. Barnard ²⁹, G. Barr ²⁹, D. Barrow ²⁹ et al. (The MicroBooNE Collaboration)

D. Barrow ²⁹, J. Barrow ²⁶, V. Basque ¹², J. Bateman ^15,22, B. Behera ³⁴, O. Benevides Rodrigues ¹⁴, S. Berkman ²⁵, A. Bhat ⁷, V. Bhelande ²⁰, M. Bhattacharya¹², A. Binau ¹⁶, M. Bishai ³, A. Blake ¹⁹, B. Bogart ²⁴, T. Bolton ¹⁸, M. B. Brunetti ¹⁷, L. Camilleri¹⁰, D. Caratelli ⁴, F. Cavanna ¹², G. Cerati ¹², A. Chappell ⁴⁰, Y. Chen ³³, J. M. Conrad ²³, M. Convery ³³, L. Cooper-Troendle ³⁰, J. I. Crespo-Anadón⁶, R. Cross ⁴⁰, M. Del Tutto ¹², S. R. Dennis ⁵, P. Detje ⁵, R. Diurba ², Z. Djurcic ¹, K. Duffy ²⁹, S. Dytman ³⁰, B. Eberly ³⁵, P. Englezos ³², A. Ereditato ^7,12, J. J. Evans ²², C. Fang ⁴, W. Foreman ²⁰, B. T. Fleming ⁷, D. Franco ⁷, A. P. Furmanski ²⁶, F. Gao ⁴, D. Garcia-Gamez ¹³, S. Gardiner ¹², G. Ge ¹⁰, S. Gollapinni ²⁰, E. Gramellini ²², P. Green ²⁹, H. Greenlee ¹², L. Gu¹⁹, W. Gu ³, K. Gumpula⁷, R. Guenette ²², L. Hagaman ¹⁰, M. D. Handley ⁵, M. Harrison²⁰, S. Hawkins ²⁵, A. Hergenhan ¹⁵, O. Hen ²³, C. Hilgenberg ²⁶, G. A. Horton-Smith ¹⁸, A. Hussain ¹⁸, B. Irwin ²⁶, M. S. Ismail ³⁰, C. James¹², X. Ji ²⁷, J. H. Jo ³, A. Johnson ¹⁶, R. A. Johnson ⁸, D. Kalra ¹⁰, G. Karagiorgi ¹⁰, A. Kelly ¹⁶, W. Ketchum¹², M. Kirby ³, T. Kobilarcik¹², K. Kumar ¹⁰, N. Lane ^15,22, J.-Y. Li ¹¹, Y. Li ³, K. Lin ³², B. R. Littlejohn ¹⁴, L. Liu ¹², S. Liu²⁷, W. C. Louis²⁰, X. Luo ⁴, T. Mahmud¹⁹, N. Majeed ¹⁸, C. Mariani ³⁹, J. Marshall ⁴⁰, F. Martinez Lopez ¹⁶, D. A. Martinez Caicedo ³⁴, M. G. Manuel Alves ¹⁴, S. Martynenko ³, A. Mastbaum ³², I. Mawby ¹⁹, N. McConkey ³¹, B. McConnell ¹⁶, L. Mellet ²⁵, J. Mendez ²¹, J. Micallef ^23,38, K. Miller⁷, A. Mogan ⁹, T. Mohayai ¹⁶, M. Mooney ⁹, A. F. Moor ⁵, C. D. Moore¹², L. Mora Lepin ²², M. A. Hernandez Morquecho²⁶, M. M. Moudgalya ²², S. Mulleriababu², D. Naples ³⁰, A. Navrer-Agasson ¹⁵, D. Nawarathne ²⁸, N. Nayak ³, M. Nebot-Guinot ¹¹, C. Nguyen ³², L. Nguyen⁴, J. Nowak ¹⁹, N. Oza¹⁰, O. Palamara ¹², N. Pallat ²⁶, V. Paolone ³⁰, A. Papadopoulou ^1,20, V. Papavassiliou ²⁸, H. B. Parkinson ¹¹, S. F. Pate ²⁸, N. Patel ¹⁹, Z. Pavlovic ¹², E. Piasetzky ³⁶, K. Pletcher ²⁵, I. Pophale ¹⁹, X. Qian ³, J. L. Raaf ¹², V. Radeka³, A. Rafique ¹, M. Reggiani-Guzzo ¹¹, J. Rodriguez Rondon ³⁴, M. Rosenberg ³⁸, M. Ross-Lonergan ²⁰, I. Safa ¹⁰, C. Sauer⁴, D. W. Schmitz ⁷, A. Schukraft ¹², W. Seligman ¹⁰, M. H. Shaevitz ¹⁰, R. Sharankova ¹², J. Shi ⁵, L. Silva ²⁰, E. L. Snider ¹², S. Söldner-Rembold ¹⁵, J. Spitz ²⁴, M. Stancari ¹², J. St. John ¹², T. Strauss ¹², A. M. Szelc ¹¹, N. Taniuchi⁵, K. Terao ³³, C. Thorpe ²², D. Torbunov ³, D. Totani ⁴, M. Toups ¹², A. Trettin ²², Y.-T. Tsai ³³, J. Tyler ¹⁸, M. A. Uchida ⁵, T. Usher ³³, B. Viren ³, J. Wang²⁷, L. Wang¹¹, M. Weber ², H. Wei ²¹, A. J. White⁷, S. Wolbers ¹², T. Wongjirad ³⁸, K. Wresilo ⁵, W. Wu ³⁰, E. Yandel ²⁰, T. Yang ¹², L. E. Yates ⁴¹, H. W. Yu ³, G. P. Zeller ¹², J. Zennamo ¹², S. Zhai²⁷, C. Zhang ³, and Y. Zhang ³ (The MicroBooNE Collaboration)

¹Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
²Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
³Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY, 11973, USA
⁴University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
⁵University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
⁶Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
⁷University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
⁸University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
⁹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
¹⁰Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
¹¹University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
¹²Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510, USA
¹³Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain
¹⁴Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, IL 60616, USA
¹⁵Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
¹⁶Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
¹⁷The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
¹⁸Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
¹⁹Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
²⁰Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
²¹Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
²²The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
²³Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
²⁴University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
²⁵Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
²⁶University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
²⁷Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
²⁸New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
²⁹University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
³⁰University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
³¹Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
³²Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
³³SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
³⁴South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
³⁵University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, 04104, USA
³⁶Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
³⁷University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
³⁸Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
³⁹Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
⁴⁰University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
⁴¹University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 052013 – Published 21 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lwrr-98vx

Abstract

This work presents single-differential electron-neutrino charged-current cross sections on argon measured using the MicroBooNE detector at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The analysis uses data recorded when the Neutrinos at the Main Injector beam was operating in both neutrino and antineutrino modes, with exposures of $2 \times 10^{20}$ and $5 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target, respectively. A selection algorithm targeting electron-neutrino charged-current interactions with at least one proton, one electron, and no pions in the final topology is used to measure differential cross sections as a function of outgoing electron energy, total visible energy, and the cosine of the opening angle between the electron and the most energetic proton. The interaction rate as a function of proton multiplicity is also reported. The total cross section is measured as $[4.1 \pm 0.3 (stat) \pm 1.1 (syst)] \times 10^{- 39} {cm}^{2} / nucleon$ . The unfolded cross-section measurements are compared to predictions from neutrino event generators commonly employed in the field. Good agreement is seen across all variables within uncertainties.

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References (86)

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 052013– Published 21 September, 2026

Vol. 114, Iss. 5 — 1 September 2026

Received 25 November 2025
Accepted 24 February 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lwrr-98vx

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

Published by the American Physical Society

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Measurements of differential charged-current cross sections on argon for electron neutrinos with final-state protons in MicroBooNE

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