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Study of 1−−  P-wave charmoniumlike and bottomoniumlike tetraquark spectroscopy

Zheng Zhao1,*, Attaphon Kaewsnod1, Kai Xu1, Nattapat Tagsinsit1, Xuyang Liu1,2, Ayut Limphirat1, and Yupeng Yan1,†

  • *Contact author: zhaozheng1022@hotmail.com
  • †Contact author: yupeng@sut.ac.th
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074032 – Published 13 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/k24h-d2mp

Abstract

The masses of 1−− P-wave charmoniumlike and bottomoniumlike tetraquark states are calculated in a constituent quark model where the Cornell-like potential and Breit-Fermi interaction are employed. All model parameters were imported from previous work, and predetermined by studying the low-lying conventional S- and P-wave light, charmed, bottom, charmonium, and bottomonium meson mass spectra. The lowest 1−− tetraquark mass is predicted to be around 4.15 GeV. The decay widths of 1−− P-wave tetraquark states are calculated for possible two-body strong decay channels within the rearrangement mechanism, including ωχcJ and ηJ/ψ for charmoniumlike tetraquarks, and ωχbJ for bottomoniumlike tetraquarks. The theoretical results are compared with the selected exotic states, also known as Y states, and tentative assignments are suggested. This study suggests that ψ(4230), ψ(4360), ψ(4660), and ϒ(10753) may be P-wave tetraquark states and that multiple states might exist around 4.36 GeV.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074032– Published 13 October, 2026
  • Received 9 September 2025
  • Accepted 21 September 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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