- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

η and η′ meson production in J/ψ radiative decays from lattice QCD

Mischa Batelaan1,*, Jozef J. Dudek1,2,†, and Robert G. Edwards2,‡ (for the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration)

  • *Contact author: mbatelaan@wm.edu
  • †Contact author: dudek@jlab.org
  • ‡Contact author: edwards@jlab.org
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 112, 074505 – Published 16 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jvpg-3ph4

Abstract

We report on the computation of amplitudes describing the radiative decay processes J/ψ→γη and J/ψ→γη′ from first principles via lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Using lattices with two heavier than physical degenerate flavors of light quark where mπ∼391  MeV, and a strange quark tuned to approximately the physical value, we compute three-point correlation functions using optimized meson operators with a range of momenta. The use of optimized operators allows access to the η′, even though it appears as an excited state, lying above the ground-state η in the isoscalar pseudoscalar channel. Statistically precise signals are obtained in this disconnected process by averaging over large numbers of kinematically equivalent correlators. We determine transition form factors as a function of photon virtuality across the timelike region, which describe also the Dalitz processes J/ψ→e+e−η(′). Significantly lower magnitudes of transition form factor for both the η and η′ are found than those extracted from experimental data, and possible explanations for this observation are presented.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

η and η′ Production in J/ψ Radiative Decays from Quantum Chromodynamics

Mischa Batelaan, Jozef J. Dudek, and Robert G. Edwards (for the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 161904 (2025)

Article Text

References (58)

  1. S. Jin and X. Shen, Natl. Sci. Rev. 8, nwab198 (2021).
  2. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 92, 052003 (2015); 93, 039906(E) (2016).
  3. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 98, 072003 (2018).
  4. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 192002 (2022); 130, 159901(E) (2023).
  5. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 108, 092002 (2023).
  6. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 99, 012006 (2019); 104, 099901(E) (2021).
  7. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 99, 012013 (2019).
  8. A. Rodas, A. Pilloni, M. Albaladejo, C. Fernandez-Ramirez, V. Mathieu, and A. P. Szczepaniak (Joint Physics Analysis Center Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 80 (2022).
  9. A. V. Sarantsev, I. Denisenko, U. Thoma, and E. Klempt, Phys. Lett. B 816, 136227 (2021).
  10. V. A. Novikov, M. A. Shifman, A. I. Vainshtein, and V. I. Zakharov, Nucl. Phys. B165, 55 (1980).
  11. J. G. Korner, J. H. Kuhn, M. Krammer, and H. Schneider, Nucl. Phys. B229, 115 (1983).
  12. Y.-P. Kuang, Y.-P. Yi, and B. Fu, Phys. Rev. D 42, 2300 (1990).
  13. R. A. Briceño, J. J. Dudek, and L. Leskovec, Phys. Rev. D 104, 054509 (2021).
  14. R. A. Briceno, J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, C. J. Shultz, C. E. Thomas, and D. J. Wilson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 242001 (2015).
  15. R. A. Briceño, J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, C. J. Shultz, C. E. Thomas, and D. J. Wilson, Phys. Rev. D 93, 114508 (2016); 105, 079902(E) (2022).
  16. A. Radhakrishnan, J. J. Dudek, and R. G. Edwards (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 106, 114513 (2022).
  17. F. G. Ortega-Gama, J. J. Dudek, and R. G. Edwards (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 110, 094505 (2024).
  18. C. Alexandrou, L. Leskovec, S. Meinel, J. Negele, S. Paul, M. Petschlies, A. Pochinsky, G. Rendon, and S. Syritsyn, Phys. Rev. D 98, 074502 (2018); 105, 019902(E) (2022).
  19. L. Leskovec, S. Meinel, M. Petschlies, J. Negele, S. Paul, and A. Pochinsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 161901 (2025).
  20. X. Jiang, F. Chen, Y. Chen, M. Gong, N. Li, Z. Liu, W. Sun, and R. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 061901 (2023).
  21. C. Shi, Y. Chen, X. Jiang, M. Gong, Z. Liu, and W. Sun, Chin. Phys. C 48, 113105 (2024).
  22. M. Peardon, J. Bulava, J. Foley, C. Morningstar, J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, B. Joo, H.-W. Lin, D. G. Richards, and K. J. Juge (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 80, 054506 (2009).
  23. M. Batelaan, J. J. Dudek, and R. G. Edwards, companion Letter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 161904 (2025).
  24. L. G. Landsberg, Phys. Rep. 128, 301 (1985).
  25. H.-W. Lin et al. (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 79, 034502 (2009).
  26. R. G. Edwards, N. Mathur, D. G. Richards, and S. J. Wallace (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 87, 054506 (2013).
  27. J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, P. Guo, and C. E. Thomas (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 88, 094505 (2013).
  28. L. Liu, G. Moir, M. Peardon, S. M. Ryan, C. E. Thomas, P. Vilaseca, J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, B. Joo, and D. G. Richards (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2012) 126.
  29. D. J. Wilson, C. E. Thomas, J. J. Dudek, and R. G. Edwards (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 109, 114503 (2024).
  30. R. G. Edwards, B. Joo, and H.-W. Lin, Phys. Rev. D 78, 054501 (2008).
  31. C. E. Thomas, R. G. Edwards, and J. J. Dudek, Phys. Rev. D 85, 014507 (2012).
  32. D. C. Moore and G. T. Fleming, Phys. Rev. D 73, 014504 (2006); 74, 079905(E) (2006).
  33. J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, M. J. Peardon, D. G. Richards, and C. E. Thomas, Phys. Rev. D 82, 034508 (2010).
  34. J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, B. Joo, M. J. Peardon, D. G. Richards, and C. E. Thomas, Phys. Rev. D 83, 111502 (2011).
  35. J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, N. Mathur, and D. G. Richards, Phys. Rev. D 77, 034501 (2008).
  36. C. J. Shultz, J. J. Dudek, and R. G. Edwards, Phys. Rev. D 91, 114501 (2015).
  37. W. I. Jay and E. T. Neil, Phys. Rev. D 103, 114502 (2021).
  38. J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, and C. E. Thomas, Phys. Rev. D 86, 034031 (2012).
  39. J. Delaney, C. E. Thomas, and S. M. Ryan (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2024) 230.
  40. J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, and D. G. Richards, Phys. Rev. D 73, 074507 (2006).
  41. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 96, 052003 (2017).
  42. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2024) 180.
  43. J. J. Dudek, R. Edwards, and C. E. Thomas, Phys. Rev. D 79, 094504 (2009).
  44. R. A. Briceno, J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, and D. J. Wilson, Phys. Rev. D 97, 054513 (2018).
  45. R. A. Briceno, J. J. Dudek, and R. D. Young, Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025001 (2018).
  46. J. J. Dudek, Phys. Rev. D 84, 074023 (2011).
  47. A. J. Woss, J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, C. E. Thomas, and D. J. Wilson (Hadron Spectrum Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 103, 054502 (2021).
  48. R. G. Edwards and B. Joo (SciDAC, LHPC, UKQCD Collaborations), Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. 140, 832 (2005).
  49. M. A. Clark, R. Babich, K. Barros, R. C. Brower, and C. Rebbi, Comput. Phys. Commun. 181, 1517 (2010).
  50. R. Babich, M. A. Clark, and B. Joo, in SC 10 (Supercomputing 2010) New Orleans, Louisiana, 2010 (2010), arXiv:1011.0024.
  51. K. Clark, B. Joo, A. Strelchenko, M. Cheng, A. Gambhir, and R. Brower, in Proceedings of SC 16 (Supercomputing 2016) Salt Lake City, Utah, November 2016 (2016).
  52. B. Joó, D. Kalamkar, K. Vaidyanathan, M. Smelyanskiy, K. Pamnany, V. Lee, P. Dubey, and W. Watson, in Supercomputing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 7905, edited by J. Kunkel, T. Ludwig, and H. Meuer (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2013), pp. 40–54.
  53. B. Joó, mg_proto: A Multigrid Library for QCD, https://github.com/JeffersonLab/mg_proto/.
  54. J. C. Osborn, R. Babich, J. Brannick, R. C. Brower, M. A. Clark, S. D. Cohen, and C. Rebbi, Proc. Sci., LATTICE2010 (2010) 037 [arXiv:1011.2775].
  55. R. Babich, J. Brannick, R. C. Brower, M. A. Clark, T. A. Manteuffel, S. F. McCormick, J. C. Osborn, and C. Rebbi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 201602 (2010).
  56. www.csd3.cam.ac.uk
  57. www.dirac.ac.uk
  58. P. A. Zyla et al. (Particle Data Group), Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 083C01 (2020).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 112, 074505– Published 16 October, 2025
  • Received 24 June 2025
  • Accepted 15 September 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation