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Impact of primordial magnetic fields on the first-order electroweak phase transition

Yuefeng Di1,2, Ligong Bian3,*, and Rong-Gen Cai4,†

  • *Contact author: lgbycl@cqu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: cairg@itp.ac.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 043529 – Published 20 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jrd3-s1h2

Abstract

We numerically study how the primordial magnetic field affects the first-order electroweak phase transition in the early Universe. We observe the following: 1) the phase transition process would be slowed down by the magnetic field; 2) the phenomenon of vortex structure of the Higgs condensation appears when the homogenesis hypermagentic field g′BYex/mW2≳3.63; and, 3) the helical hypermagnetic field can dramatically enhance the sphaleron rate and validate the generation of the baryon asymmetry through the chiral anomaly.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 043529– Published 20 February, 2026
  • Received 26 August 2025
  • Accepted 30 January 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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