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Diversity of fuzzy dark matter solitons

Chen Tan1,2,3,4, M. Le Delliou1,2,3,4,5,6, and Ke Wang7,*

  • *Contact author: wangke@lnnu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 063021 – Published 10 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jm6g-x9jr

Abstract

According to the Schrödinger-Poisson equations, fuzzy dark matter (FDM) can form a stable equilibrium configuration, the so-called FDM soliton. In principle, given the FDM particle mass, the profile of the FDM soliton is fixed. In practice, however, there is a great diversity of structures in the Universe. Possible causes of such diversity can lie in such sources as the gravitoelectric field due to a central supermassive black hole, the gravitomagnetic field due to the system angular momentum, and an ellipsoidal baryon background. We find that the effects of the gravitomagnetic field due to the soliton’s self-angular momentum are very weak while those of the other sources are considerable.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 063021– Published 10 September, 2025
  • Received 25 November 2024
  • Accepted 27 August 2025
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