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  • Open Access

Mass spectrum and decay widths of charmoniumlike mesons: A diabatic approach with complex scaling

Zi-Zhao Zhang and Bo-Chao Liu*

  • MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

  • *Contact author: liubc@xjtu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074021 – Published 9 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jkrp-twgc

Abstract

In this work, we extend our previous diabatic framework for the charmoniumlike spectrum below 4.3 GeV by introducing the complex scaling method. Unlike the previous framework, the present approach explicitly incorporates couplings to the meson-meson continuum, comprehensively accounting for its contributions to the physical states. Consequently, it allows bound and resonant states to be treated on an equal footing, enabling the direct extraction of decay widths from complex energy eigenvalues without introducing any additional free parameters. Using the obtained solutions, we calculate the channel weights and complex root-mean-square radii (rrms) to elucidate their internal structures. Specifically, we find that the χc1(3872), ψ(4040), and ψ(4230) states exhibit significant molecular characteristics. Furthermore, we propose the X(3940) as a candidate for a JPC=1++ state and discuss the nature of the χc0(2P) resonance in detail.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074021– Published 9 October, 2026
  • Received 6 July 2026
  • Accepted 23 September 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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