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  • Open Access

Invisible neutron decay and light BSM particles

J. C. Helo* and T. Ota†

M. Hirsch‡

  • *Contact author: jchelo@userena.cl
  • †Contact author: toshihiko.ota@userena.cl
  • ‡Contact author: mahirsch@ific.uv.es
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 035002 – Published 3 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jg6k-239w

Abstract

In Standard Model (SM) effective field theory, invisible neutron decay arises from d=12 operators. Adding new, light particles to the field content of the SM, such as right-handed neutrinos, allows to construct operators for invisible neutron decay at much lower dimensions. Observing invisible neutron decay, if nucleon decays with charged leptons remain absent, would therefore point towards the existence of new neutral degrees of freedom. Here, we discuss four cases: (i) Adding right-handed neutrinos to the SM; (ii) a right-handed neutrino and an axionlike particle; (iii) a right-handed neutrino and a (nearly) massless singlet scalar; and (iv) a right-handed neutrino and a light Z′. We give the general tree-level decomposition for the resulting d=(7–9) operators for invisible neutron decay. We also briefly discuss LHC searches related to the exotic states found in these UV completions.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 035002– Published 3 February, 2026
  • Received 23 October 2025
  • Accepted 17 December 2025
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