- Open Access
Quiver-invariant dualities between brane tilings
Phys. Rev. D 113, 126007 – Published 5 June, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/j19n-t1ks
Abstract
We study pairs of supersymmetric gauge theories that share the same vacuum moduli space and the same chiral field content, encoded by a common quiver, but differ in their superpotentials. These theories arise as worldvolume theories on a D3-brane probing a toric Calabi-Yau threefold and admit a description in terms of bipartite graphs on a 2-torus, known as brane tilings. Using an explicit example, we show that the correspondence is realized by a single “tilting” mutation along the diagonals of hexagonal faces in the brane tiling, which is equivalent to a specific sequence of Seiberg dualities performed at distinct gauge nodes in the quiver.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (60)
- S. Franco, A. Hanany, K. D. Kennaway, D. Vegh, and B. Wecht, Brane dimers and quiver gauge theories, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2006) 096.
- A. Hanany and K. D. Kennaway, Dimer models and toric diagrams, arXiv:hep-th/0503149.
- S. Franco, A. Hanany, D. Martelli, J. Sparks, D. Vegh, and B. Wecht, Gauge theories from toric geometry and brane tilings, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2006) 128.
- R. Kenyon, An introduction to the dimer model, arXiv:math/0310326.
- P. Kasteleyn, Graph theory and crystal physics, Graph Theory and Theoretical Physics (Academic Press, London, 1967), pp. 43–110.
- N. Seiberg, Electric—magnetic duality in supersymmetric nonAbelian gauge theories, Nucl. Phys. B435, 129 (1995).
- B. Feng, A. Hanany, and Y.-H. He, D-brane gauge theories from toric singularities and toric duality, Nucl. Phys. B595, 165 (2001).
- B. Feng, A. Hanany, Y.-H. He, and A. M. Uranga, Toric duality as Seiberg duality and brane diamonds, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2001) 035.
- B. Feng, A. Hanany, and Y.-H. He, Phase structure of D-brane gauge theories and toric duality, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2001) 040.
- B. Feng, S. Franco, A. Hanany, and Y.-H. He, Symmetries of toric duality, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2002) 076.
- A. B. Goncharov and R. Kenyon, Dimers and cluster integrable systems, arXiv:1107.5588.
- M. Ciucu, A complementation theorem for perfect matchings of graphs having a cellular completion, J. Comb. Theory Ser. A 81, 34 (1998).
- R. W. Kenyon, J. G. Propp, and D. B. Wilson, Trees and matchings, arXiv:math/9903025.
- A. Butti, D. Forcella, A. Hanany, D. Vegh, and A. Zaffaroni, Counting chiral operators in quiver gauge theories, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2007) 092.
- D. Forcella, A. Hanany, Y.-H. He, and A. Zaffaroni, The master space of gauge theories, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2008) 012.
- D. Forcella, A. Hanany, Y.-H. He, and A. Zaffaroni, Mastering the master space, Lett. Math. Phys. 85, 163 (2008).
- M. Bianchi, S. Cremonesi, A. Hanany, J. F. Morales, D. Ricci Pacifici, and R.-K. Seong, Mass-deformed brane tilings, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2014) 027.
- A. Higashitani and Y. Nakajima, Deformations of Dimer models, SIGMA 18, 030 (2022).
- S. Franco and R.-K. Seong, Twin theories, polytope mutations and quivers for GTPs, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2023) 034.
- S. Cremonesi and J. Sá, Zig-zag deformations of toric quiver gauge theories. Part I. Reflexive polytopes, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2024) 114.
- G. Arias-Tamargo, S. Franco, and D. Rodríguez-Gómez, The geometry of GTPs and 5d SCFTs, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2024) 159.
- S. Franco and D. Rodriguez-Gomez, Quiver tails and brane webs, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2024) 118.
- I. Carreño Bolla, S. Franco, and D. Rodríguez-Gómez, The 5d tangram: Brane webs, 7-branes and primitive T-cones, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2025) 175.
- M. Kho, N. Lee, and R.-K. Seong, Birational transformations on dimer integrable systems, Phys. Rev. D 112, L041901 (2025).
- A. Hanany and R.-K. Seong, Brane tilings and specular duality, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2012) 107.
- R. Kenyon, Local statistics of lattice dimers, Annales de L’Institut Henri Poincare Section (B) ProbabilityStatistics 33, 591 (1997).
- A. Amariti, M. Bianchi, M. Fazzi, S. Mancani, F. Riccioni, and S. Rota, Multi-planarizable quivers, orientifolds, and conformal dualities, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2023) 094.
- W. Fulton, Introduction to Toric Varieties, No. 131 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1993).
- D. Cox, J. Little, and H. Schenck, Graduate Studies in Mathematics (American Mathematical Society, 2011)..
- E. Witten, Phases of theories in two-dimensions, Nucl. Phys. B403, 159 (1993).
- S. Benvenuti, B. Feng, A. Hanany, and Y.-H. He, Counting BPS operators in gauge theories: Quivers, syzygies and plethystics, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2007) 050.
- A. Hanany and C. Romelsberger, Counting BPS operators in the chiral ring of supersymmetric gauge theories or braine surgery, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 11, 1091 (2007).
- B. Feng, A. Hanany, and Y.-H. He, Counting gauge invariants: The Plethystic program, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2007) 090.
- K. A. Intriligator and B. Wecht, The exact superconformal R symmetry maximizes a, Nucl. Phys. B667, 183 (2003).
- A. Butti and A. Zaffaroni, R-charges from toric diagrams and the equivalence of a-maximization and Z-minimization, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2005) 019.
- A. Butti and A. Zaffaroni, From toric geometry to quiver gauge theory: The equivalence of a-maximization and Z-minimization, Fortschr. Phys. 54, 309 (2006).
- R. P. Stanley, Hilbert functions of graded algebras, Adv. Math. 28, 57 (1978).
- D. Martelli, J. Sparks, and S.-T. Yau, Sasaki-Einstein manifolds and volume minimisation, Commun. Math. Phys. 280, 611 (2008).
- D. Martelli, J. Sparks, and S.-T. Yau, The geometric dual of a-maximisation for Toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds, Commun. Math. Phys. 268, 39 (2006).
- A. Butti, D. Forcella, and A. Zaffaroni, Counting BPS baryonic operators in CFTs with Sasaki-Einstein duals, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2007) 069.
- J. Bao, E. Choi, Y.-H. He, R.-K. Seong, and S.-T. Yau, Futaki invariants and reflexive polygons, J. Math. Phys. (N.Y.) 66, 102302 (2025).
- A. Hanany and D. Vegh, Quivers, tilings, branes and rhombi, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2007) 029.
- N. Broomhead, Dimer models and Calabi-Yau algebras, arXiv:0901.4662.
- C. Closset and M. Del Zotto, On 5D SCFTs and their BPS quivers. Part I: B-branes and brane tilings, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 26, 37 (2022).
- J. Davey, A. Hanany, and R.-K. Seong, Counting orbifolds, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2010) 010.
- A. Hanany and R.-K. Seong, Symmetries of Abelian orbifolds, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2011) 027.
- J. Davey, A. Hanany, and R.-K. Seong, An introduction to counting orbifolds, Fortschr. Phys. 59, 677 (2011).
- R. Eager, S. Franco, and K. Schaeffer, Dimer models and integrable systems, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2012) 106.
- M. Kho, N. Lee, and R.-K. Seong, Classification and birational equivalence of dimer integrable systems for reflexive polygons, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2026) 084.
- S. Franco, D. Ghim, S. Lee, R.-K. Seong, and D. Yokoyama, 2d (0,2) quiver gauge theories and D-branes, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2015) 072.
- S. Franco, S. Lee, and R.-K. Seong, Brane brick models, toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds and 2d (0, 2) quivers, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2016) 047.
- S. Franco, S. Lee, R.-K. Seong, and C. Vafa, Brane brick models in the mirror, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2017) 106.
- S. Franco and R.-K. Seong, Fano 3-folds, reflexive polytopes and brane brick models, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2022) 008.
- M. Kho and R.-K. Seong, On the master space for brane brick models, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2023) 150.
- S. Franco, D. Ghim, G. P. Goulas, and R.-K. Seong, Mass deformations of brane brick models, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2023) 176.
- M. Carcamo, S. Franco, D. Ghim, G. P. Goulas, and R.-K. Seong, Relevant deformations, brane brick models and triality, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2026) 049.
- D. Ghim, M. Kho, and R.-K. Seong, Combinatorial and algebraic mutations of toric Fano 3-folds and mass deformations of 2d(0,2) quiver gauge theories, Phys. Rev. D 110, 086001 (2024).
- D. Ghim, M. Kho, and R.-K. Seong, Birational transformations and 2d (0, 2) quiver gauge theories beyond toric Fano 3-folds, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2025) 032.
- D. Krefl, Brane tilings for orientifolds, Fortschr. Phys. 56, 869 (2008).
- A. Antinucci, S. Mancani, and F. Riccioni, Infrared duality in unoriented Pseudo del Pezzo, Phys. Lett. B 811, 135902 (2020).