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Minimal superfluid vortices in chiral perturbation theory

Fabrizio Canfora1,2,*, Martín Garrido3,†, Massimo Mannarelli4,‡, and Anibal Neira3,§

  • *Contact author: fabrizio.canfora@uss.cl
  • †Contact author: margarrido2021@udec.cl
  • ‡Contact author: massimo.mannarelli@lngs.infn.it
  • §Contact author: aneira2017@udec.cl
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074011 – Published 5 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hgps-7n5w

Abstract

We derive some properties of rotational vortices in the pion condensed phase. Employing leading order chiral perturbation theory we determine the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation. Vortices have quantized angular momentum along the rotation axis, a hallmark of superfluidity, and self-confined pions. The critical rotation frequency for vortex nucleation is estimated.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074011– Published 5 October, 2026
  • Received 9 February 2026
  • Accepted 20 August 2026
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