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Entanglement generation between field modes mediated by a fluctuating conducting wall

Luca Giovanni Cammarata*, Tommaso Fazio†, Roberto Passante‡, and Lucia Rizzuto§

  • *Contact author: lucagiovanni.cammarata@unipa.it
  • †Contact author: tommaso.fazio@unipa.it
  • ‡Contact author: roberto.passante@unipa.it
  • §Contact author: lucia.rizzuto@unipa.it
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 065008 – Published 9 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/h81j-hddn

Abstract

We consider a movable conducting plate of finite mass, between two fixed ones, whose mechanical degrees of freedom are treated quantum-mechanically and bound to its equilibrium position by a harmonic potential. The movable wall is thus subjected to quantum fluctuations of its position. This creates a system of two subcavities separated by the movable fluctuating plate, and two massless one-dimensional scalar fields, one in each subcavity. This system is described by an appropriate generalization of the Law Hamiltonian. The presence of the movable wall yields an effective plate-fields interaction, as well as an effective interaction between the field modes. We obtain, at the second order in perturbation theory, the ground state of the interacting system and the reduced density operator of the fields in each subcavity by tracing out the wall’s degrees of freedom. We calculate the entanglement between two field modes, one in each cavity, by evaluating analytically the negativity; we then also evaluate numerically the total multimode negativity. Our results show that in both cases the fields in the two subcavities are entangled, in contrast to the case in which the wall is fixed in space. We discuss the amount of the field entanglement present as a function of relevant physical parameters of the system such as the mass and oscillation frequency of the movable wall, its distance from the fixed walls and the frequencies of the field modes considered.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 065008– Published 9 September, 2026
  • Received 10 June 2026
  • Accepted 17 August 2026
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