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Two-flavor color superconductivity in a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with color and charge neutrality

Li-Kang Yang1, Di-Sheng Fan1, Cheng-Ming Li2, and Yong-Liang Ma3,4,*

  • *Contact author: ylma@nju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 094042 – Published 21 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g97l-z3yb

Abstract

Using a general Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model including as many interaction channels as possible, and taking into account the constraints imposed by color and charge neutrality, we analyze how the different interaction channels contribute to charge-neutral two-flavor color-superconducting matter. After taking the Fierz transformation, the number of parameters in the NJL model is reduced and thereby quark-antiquark condensates and diquark condensates are related. Through a self-consistent solution of the gap equations, we find that in addition to the diquark and vector channels, the scalar-isovector, vector-isovector, and vector-isovector-color-octet channels are also important, while other channels can be neglected. Moreover, between the normal quark-matter phase and two-flavor color-superconducting phase, there is a gapless two-flavor color-superconducting phase. The fractions of quarks with different flavors and colors are calculated in both gapped and gapless two-flavor color-superconducting phases. In addition, we illustrate the phase diagrams in the diquark coupling and chemical potential plane, and discuss in detail how the dominant channels influence these phase diagrams.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 094042– Published 21 November, 2025
  • Received 14 July 2025
  • Accepted 27 October 2025
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