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Alternative classical Lagrangians for the standard-model extension

João A. A. S. Reis1,*, Marco Schreck2,3,†, and Ronaldo Thibes1,‡

  • *Contact author: joao.reis@uesb.edu.br
  • †Contact author: marco.schreck@ufma.br
  • ‡Contact author: thibes@uesb.edu.br
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 015038 – Published 27 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ftzg-khlg

Abstract

We introduce classical, relativistic Lagrangians for point-particle analogs to the field theory description of the standard-model extension (SME) for Lorentz violation. Lagrangians of a form alternative to those derived and studied in previous works are in the spotlight. Interestingly, they have well-defined massless limits, which makes them suitable for describing classical-particle analogs of photons subject to Lorentz violation. We first deal with different types of Dirac fermion coefficients, followed by various configurations of the SME photon sector. The Lagrangians are accompanied by constraints that we treat properly using the techniques due to Dirac. The results encountered may find application in photon propagation through gravitational fields in the presence of spacetime symmetry violation. Connections to Finsler geometry are likely to exist.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 015038– Published 27 July, 2026
  • Received 17 March 2026
  • Accepted 13 May 2026
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