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Twist-3 contributions to $γ γ \to π^{0} π^{0}, K_{S}^{0} K_{S}^{0}$ in $k_{T}$ factorization

College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China

^*Contact author: hejk@hbnu.edu.cn
^†Contact author: wangj@hbnu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 114, 054016 – Published 9 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dtpq-cskf

Abstract

We compute the cross sections for the two-photon processes $γ γ \to π^{0} π^{0}$ and $γ γ \to K_{S}^{0} K_{S}^{0}$ in $k_{T}$ factorization, including the chirally enhanced two-parton twist-3 light cone distribution amplitudes. For these charge-suppressed neutral channels the twist-3 cross sections exceed the twist-2 ones by close to an order of magnitude in the intermediate-energy region, bringing the predictions much closer to the Belle data, the residual underestimate being plausibly attributable to higher-order QCD corrections. The calculation reproduces the measured angular distributions and the energy dependence of the charged channels and the neutral pion, though not the steeper fall of the neutral kaon. The neutral-to-charged ratios are the most discriminating observables. They depend strongly on energy in the data, whereas our calculation, like other approaches in the literature, yields a nearly flat ratio. Finally, in a phenomenological discussion, we combine our contribution with the soft handbag contribution and largely reproduce the observed energy dependence, suggesting that the hard and soft contributions are comparably important in the few-GeV region.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 054016– Published 9 September, 2026

Vol. 114, Iss. 5 — 1 September 2026

Received 19 June 2026
Accepted 17 August 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dtpq-cskf

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Twist-3 contributions to $γ γ \to π^{0} π^{0}, K_{S}^{0} K_{S}^{0}$ in $k_{T}$ factorization

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Twist-3 contributions to γγ→π0π0,KS0KS0 in kT factorization

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Twist-3 contributions to $γ γ \to π^{0} π^{0}, K_{S}^{0} K_{S}^{0}$ in $k_{T}$ factorization