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Serendipitous syzygies of scattering amplitudes

David A. Kosower1,* and Sebastian Pögel2,†

  • *Contact author: David.Kosower@ipht.fr
  • †Contact author: sebastian.poegel@psi.ch

Phys. Rev. D 112, 076030 – Published 23 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cypj-74sj

Abstract

We study linear relations between color-ordered all-plus amplitudes at one loop in Yang-Mills theory. We show that on general grounds, there are (n−1)!/2−2 relations for n≥5, leaving only two independent color-ordered amplitudes. We present two complementary approaches to finding such relations; one using numerical linear algebra and the other using syzygies in computational algebraic geometry. We obtain explicit forms for all relations through n=7. We also study relations for the tree-level maximally helicity violating amplitudes through n=8. The latter relations include the well-known color and Bern-Carrasco-Johansson identities.

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