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  • Open Access

Rescuing 331 bileptons from the Landau pole

Stefano Morisi* and Giulia Ricciardi†

Giovanna Paola Perdonà‡

  • *Contact author: stefano.morisi@unina.it
  • †Contact author: giulia.ricciardi2@unina.it
  • ‡Contact author: giovannapaola.perdona@uniroma1.it
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 035041 – Published 28 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/c7jb-lbsx

Abstract

Among the particles being searched for at the LHC beyond the Standard Model are bileptons, which are doubly charged gauge bosons. Bileptons are predicted by several Standard Model extensions, including the so-called 331 models with β=3. The minimal formulation of these models is generally plagued by a low-energy Landau pole, which can undermine current predictions for TeV-scale bileptons. We analyze this issue and investigate the possibility to shift the Landau pole at higher energy scales by extending the troublesome minimal 331 models.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 035041– Published 28 August, 2025
  • Received 10 June 2025
  • Accepted 29 July 2025
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