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Relativistic flux-tube model predictions from charmed mesons to double-charmed baryons

Department of Physics, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat-395007, India

Phys. Rev. D 113, 054046 – Published 26 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bkwy-5hr9

Abstract

Utilizing comprehensive experimental data on charmed mesons, we systematically investigate masses of the higher radial and orbital excitations of the $D$ and $D_{s}$ meson families using the relativistic flux-tube model. Our study employs mass splitting induced by spin-dependent interactions within the j-j coupling scheme. Our predicted masses align well with the experimental measurements for the well-established $D$ and $D_{s}$ states. However, anomalous resonances such as $D_{s 0} (2317)$ and $D_{s 1} (2460)$ do not align with conventional meson states within our theoretical framework. We also study strong decays using an effective Lagrangian formalism that combines heavy-quark symmetry with chiral dynamics, focusing on two-body modes into a charmed meson plus a light pseudoscalar ( $π$ , $K$ , $η$ ). Using the combined constraints from masses and decay patterns we propose spectroscopic assignments for several recently observed resonances, including $D_{2} (2740)^{0}$ , $D_{3}^{*} (2750)$ , $D_{0} (2550)^{0}$ , $D_{1}^{*} (2600)^{0}$ , $D_{1}^{*} (2760)^{0}$ , $D_{J}^{*} (3000)$ , $D_{J} (3000)$ , $D_{2}^{*} (3000)$ , $D_{s 1}^{*} (2860)^{\pm}$ , and $D_{s 3}^{*} (2860)^{\pm}$ . We also identify $D_{s J} (3040)^{+}$ as a $2 P$ excitation with $J^{P} = 1^{+}$ . Extending our model, we also calculate the mass spectra of doubly charmed $Ξ_{c c}$ and $Ω_{c c}$ baryons within the heavy diquark–light quark picture. These theoretical predictions provide crucial guidance for ongoing and future experimental searches for higher radial and orbital excitations in the charmed meson and doubly charmed baryon sectors.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 054046– Published 26 March, 2026

Vol. 113, Iss. 5 — 1 March 2026

Received 13 May 2025
Accepted 3 March 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bkwy-5hr9

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Relativistic flux-tube model predictions from charmed mesons to double-charmed baryons

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